book F chapter 2
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| tension | stretches the crust so that it becomes thinner in the middle
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| compression | squeezes rock until it folds or breaks
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| shearing | pushes the rock in two opposite directions
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| because stress is a force it adds _____ to the rock | energy
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| normal faults is caused by _____ | tension
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| reverse faults are causes by ____ | compression
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| strike slip fault | rocks on either side of the fault slip past each other sideways with little up or down motion
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| anticline | a fold in the rock that ends upward into an arch
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| syncline | a fold in the rock that bends downward to form a valley
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| plateau | a large area of flat land elevated above sea level
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| fault-block mountain | land between two normal faults that move upward
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| focus | the point in the ground where the rock breaks and triggers an earthquake
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| epicenter | the point on the surface directly above the focus
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| which waves arrive first, are the fastest moving, have compressional motion, least damaging, and travel through solids and liquids? | primary waves, also called p waves
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| which waves arrive second, have a side to side motion, and cannot travel through liquids? | secondary waves, also called s waves
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| which waves are the slowest of waves, have a up and down motion, and are the most damaging? | surface waves
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| which scale rates earthquakes based on the size of the seismic waves? | richter scale
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| the ground movement caused by the waves are measured by a ______. | seismograph
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| which scale is used to tell how much damage was done to homes and other buildings | mercalli scale
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| which scale estimates the total energy released by an earthquake | moment magnitude scale
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| tiltmeters | measures tilting or raising of the ground , works like a carpenters' level
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| creep meters | measures horizontal movement of the ground
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| GPS satellites | measures vertical and horizontal movement
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| the risks of an earthquake is high along faults where two plates meet with a lot of? | friction
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| the fault locks, and stress builds up until an ________ occurs. | earthquake
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| Geologists cannot predict earthquakes because they cannot be sure where and when ____ will be released along a fault | stress
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| Risk of earthquakes is high along the pacific coast of the united states because thats where the pacific and north american ____ meet | plates
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| liquefaction | when shaking turns loose soil into liquid mud
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| aftershocks | a smaller earthquake that happens after the larger earthquake
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| tsunamis | a giant wave caused by an earthquake in the ocean floor
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| in a normal fault , the hanging wall slips down relative to the? | footwall
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| _______ has rocks on either side that slip past each other. | strike-slip fault
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| in a reverse fault , the hanging wall moves up relative to the? | footwall
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