Stack #131558
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| although cancer in children is rare, it is the ______leading cause of death in children 1-15 years of age. | 2nd
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| How does cancer usually present in the child? | Fever, Night sweats, and weight loss; Bone Marrow Failure: Aneamia, Thrombocytopenia, Infection. specifics related to type of cancer
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| How do brain tumors present in the child? | Papilledema, HA, lethargy, vomitting
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| Neuroblastomas, Wilm's tumor, Hepatoma, Rhabdomyosarcoma, and germ cell tumor may present as : | Abdominal Masses
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| What cancers might present as mediastinal masses, with difficulty swallowing, hoarseness, wheezing, and hypoxia? | Lymphoma, neuroblastoma,
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| What type of lymph nodes should raise suspicion? | Non-tender and rapidly enlarging nodes, supraclavicular nodes.
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| What is the most common cancer seen in older adolescents? | Lymphoma
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| What has a better cure rate, Hodgkin's or non hodgkin's lymphoma? | Hodgkin's (92%)
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| What's the difference between leukemias and lymphomas? | Leukemias arise in the bone marrow; lymphomas arise from lymphoid tissue
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| What cancer has the classic triad of Papilledema, morning HA, and vomiting? | Brain tumors
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| What are the two (most common?) types of brain tumors seen in children, and which one has the better prognosis? | Astrocytoma and medulloblastoma. Astrocytoma has the better prognosis.
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| What is the most frequently diagnosed malignancy in infants? | Neuroblastoma
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| What is the most freq extra cranial solid tumor in children? | Neuroblastoma
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| What childhood malignancy has cerebellar encephalopathy such as ataxia, opiso-clonus, and myoclous, and often has metastases to the orbit? | Neuroblastoma
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| What is the most common primary malignant renal tumor of childhood? | Wilm's tumor
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| What is the WAGR syndrome? | Wilm's tumor, Aniridia, GU abnormalitis, and mental retardation.
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| What is the presentation of wilm's tumor? | Painless, abdominal mass that rarely crosses the midline, HTN secondary to renal ischemia, Abdominal pain and vomiting, hematuria.
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| What are the main two types of bone cancer you see in the child? | Osteogenic and Ewing's sarcoma
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| name 3 cancers that peak between 2-5 years of age | Wilms tumor, ALL, Rhabdomyosarcoma
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| What effect does asthma have on functional residual capacity? | Increases it, making it more difficult to breathe
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| What is the atopic triad? | Asthma, eczema, and allergic rhinitis
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| When are asthma symptoms most common? (time of day) | AM and night
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| What are some triggers of asthma? | Allergens, respiratory infections, exercise, GERD, Drugs (NSAIDs ACE inhibitors), pollution
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| What are peak expiratory flow rates? | Self monitoring done by their patient in conjunction with a written action plan
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| A patient that has ever been to the ER for an asthma attack should never be categorized as a | mild asthmatic
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| How are exacerbations of asthma treated? | Systemic steroids (NOT shots)
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| What is the best steroid option for treating the child between 1 and 4 years of age? | Budesimide nebulizer
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| What steroid DPI is indicated for children 12 and up? | Mometasone (watch it; other forms approved for as young as 2 years of age)
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| What is an alternative to low dose corticosteroids in the mild persistent asthmatic? | Monteluekast
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| what two anti-histamines are approved for as young as 6 months? | Certirizine and fexofenadine (available in liquid form)
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| What are some options for treating allergic conjunctivitis? | NS, Azelastine, Olopatadine, Naphazoline/phenirimine (approved for as young as 6 months)
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| MDI should always be given with a _____ in the pediatric population | chamber
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| Bilious vomiting in the child suggests: | partial or complete bowel obstruction (malrotation, volvulus, Hirshsprung disease, incarcerated hernia, intussesception, intestinal atresia
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| Non bilious vomiting in the infant suggests: | GERD, cow or sow milk intolerance, pyloric stenosis
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| Age at presentation (for vomting) is helpful in narrowing the DDx. Newborns most likely have ______, Toddlers most likely have ______, and 3-6 weeks of age is when ______ most often presents | Intestinal atresia, intussusception, Pyloric Stenosis
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| What is the diagnostic test of choice to assess for pyloric stenosis? | Ultra Sound
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| What is the treatment for pyloric stenosis? | Pyloromyotomy (surgery)
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| What is the first choice for oral rehydration therapy? | Pedialyte
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| What is the typical length of viral gastroenteritis in children? | 7-10 days.
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| What tests would you order for stool studies in the child with diarrhea? | O&P, culture, C.Diff
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| How is mild, moderate and severe dehydration treated? | ORT for mild and moderate, Severe is treated with a rapid infusion of isotonic saline.
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| What are the three main causes of constipation? | Not enough water, fiber, or excercise
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| How is constipation defined? | Decrease in a person's normal freq of defecation accompanied by a difficult or incomplete passage of dry, hard stool.
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| What are some functional causes of diarrhea? | Traumatic events associated such as painful passage or physical or sexual abuse, difficult psychosocial changes such as difficulty with potty training or divorce.
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| What is encopresis? | Leaking of liquid stool around a hardened mass of stool.
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| Most causes of constipation are functional ____% are organic and include: | 5, Hirshprung disease, abnormalities of the anus or colon, Medications, NTD, botulism, hypothyroidsim, Celiac disease, DM.
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| What is the most common cause of parasitic diarrhea in the United States? | Giardia
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| What would be a good laxative for a child? | Osmotic agents such as Polyethylene Glycol (miralax), Lactulose.
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| What is Enuresis? | Involuntary discharge of urine after the age at which bladder control should have been established
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| What is Amblyopia? | Unilateral or bilateral reduction in central visual acuity due to the sensory depreivation of a well formed retinal image that occures witho or without a visiable organix lesion commuensureate wit the degree of visual loss.
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| Amblyopia can only occur during | the critical period of visual development in the first decade of life.
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| What are the three types of Amblyopia? | Strabismic, Refractive, Deprivation.
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| What is strabismus? | Misalignment of the visual axes of the two eyes.
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| Strabismus might be a marker for what other diseases? | Retinoblastoma, hydrocephalus, space occupying lesion
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