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Peds Final
Stack #131558
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| although cancer in children is rare, it is the ______leading cause of death in children 1-15 years of age. | 2nd |
| How does cancer usually present in the child? | Fever, Night sweats, and weight loss; Bone Marrow Failure: Aneamia, Thrombocytopenia, Infection. specifics related to type of cancer |
| How do brain tumors present in the child? | Papilledema, HA, lethargy, vomitting |
| Neuroblastomas, Wilm's tumor, Hepatoma, Rhabdomyosarcoma, and germ cell tumor may present as : | Abdominal Masses |
| What cancers might present as mediastinal masses, with difficulty swallowing, hoarseness, wheezing, and hypoxia? | Lymphoma, neuroblastoma, |
| What type of lymph nodes should raise suspicion? | Non-tender and rapidly enlarging nodes, supraclavicular nodes. |
| What is the most common cancer seen in older adolescents? | Lymphoma |
| What has a better cure rate, Hodgkin's or non hodgkin's lymphoma? | Hodgkin's (92%) |
| What's the difference between leukemias and lymphomas? | Leukemias arise in the bone marrow; lymphomas arise from lymphoid tissue |
| What cancer has the classic triad of Papilledema, morning HA, and vomiting? | Brain tumors |
| What are the two (most common?) types of brain tumors seen in children, and which one has the better prognosis? | Astrocytoma and medulloblastoma. Astrocytoma has the better prognosis. |
| What is the most frequently diagnosed malignancy in infants? | Neuroblastoma |
| What is the most freq extra cranial solid tumor in children? | Neuroblastoma |
| What childhood malignancy has cerebellar encephalopathy such as ataxia, opiso-clonus, and myoclous, and often has metastases to the orbit? | Neuroblastoma |
| What is the most common primary malignant renal tumor of childhood? | Wilm's tumor |
| What is the WAGR syndrome? | Wilm's tumor, Aniridia, GU abnormalitis, and mental retardation. |
| What is the presentation of wilm's tumor? | Painless, abdominal mass that rarely crosses the midline, HTN secondary to renal ischemia, Abdominal pain and vomiting, hematuria. |
| What are the main two types of bone cancer you see in the child? | Osteogenic and Ewing's sarcoma |
| name 3 cancers that peak between 2-5 years of age | Wilms tumor, ALL, Rhabdomyosarcoma |
| What effect does asthma have on functional residual capacity? | Increases it, making it more difficult to breathe |
| What is the atopic triad? | Asthma, eczema, and allergic rhinitis |
| When are asthma symptoms most common? (time of day) | AM and night |
| What are some triggers of asthma? | Allergens, respiratory infections, exercise, GERD, Drugs (NSAIDs ACE inhibitors), pollution |
| What are peak expiratory flow rates? | Self monitoring done by their patient in conjunction with a written action plan |
| A patient that has ever been to the ER for an asthma attack should never be categorized as a | mild asthmatic |
| How are exacerbations of asthma treated? | Systemic steroids (NOT shots) |
| What is the best steroid option for treating the child between 1 and 4 years of age? | Budesimide nebulizer |
| What steroid DPI is indicated for children 12 and up? | Mometasone (watch it; other forms approved for as young as 2 years of age) |
| What is an alternative to low dose corticosteroids in the mild persistent asthmatic? | Monteluekast |
| what two anti-histamines are approved for as young as 6 months? | Certirizine and fexofenadine (available in liquid form) |
| What are some options for treating allergic conjunctivitis? | NS, Azelastine, Olopatadine, Naphazoline/phenirimine (approved for as young as 6 months) |
| MDI should always be given with a _____ in the pediatric population | chamber |
| Bilious vomiting in the child suggests: | partial or complete bowel obstruction (malrotation, volvulus, Hirshsprung disease, incarcerated hernia, intussesception, intestinal atresia |
| Non bilious vomiting in the infant suggests: | GERD, cow or sow milk intolerance, pyloric stenosis |
| Age at presentation (for vomting) is helpful in narrowing the DDx. Newborns most likely have ______, Toddlers most likely have ______, and 3-6 weeks of age is when ______ most often presents | Intestinal atresia, intussusception, Pyloric Stenosis |
| What is the diagnostic test of choice to assess for pyloric stenosis? | Ultra Sound |
| What is the treatment for pyloric stenosis? | Pyloromyotomy (surgery) |
| What is the first choice for oral rehydration therapy? | Pedialyte |
| What is the typical length of viral gastroenteritis in children? | 7-10 days. |
| What tests would you order for stool studies in the child with diarrhea? | O&P, culture, C.Diff |
| How is mild, moderate and severe dehydration treated? | ORT for mild and moderate, Severe is treated with a rapid infusion of isotonic saline. |
| What are the three main causes of constipation? | Not enough water, fiber, or excercise |
| How is constipation defined? | Decrease in a person's normal freq of defecation accompanied by a difficult or incomplete passage of dry, hard stool. |
| What are some functional causes of diarrhea? | Traumatic events associated such as painful passage or physical or sexual abuse, difficult psychosocial changes such as difficulty with potty training or divorce. |
| What is encopresis? | Leaking of liquid stool around a hardened mass of stool. |
| Most causes of constipation are functional ____% are organic and include: | 5, Hirshprung disease, abnormalities of the anus or colon, Medications, NTD, botulism, hypothyroidsim, Celiac disease, DM. |
| What is the most common cause of parasitic diarrhea in the United States? | Giardia |
| What would be a good laxative for a child? | Osmotic agents such as Polyethylene Glycol (miralax), Lactulose. |
| What is Enuresis? | Involuntary discharge of urine after the age at which bladder control should have been established |
| What is Amblyopia? | Unilateral or bilateral reduction in central visual acuity due to the sensory depreivation of a well formed retinal image that occures witho or without a visiable organix lesion commuensureate wit the degree of visual loss. |
| Amblyopia can only occur during | the critical period of visual development in the first decade of life. |
| What are the three types of Amblyopia? | Strabismic, Refractive, Deprivation. |
| What is strabismus? | Misalignment of the visual axes of the two eyes. |
| Strabismus might be a marker for what other diseases? | Retinoblastoma, hydrocephalus, space occupying lesion |
Created by:
maassma
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