Environmental Microbiology and Genetic Engineering
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| Abyssal zone | deep trenches in the ocean floor-microbes live here in lower numbers-many are quite different from terrestrial organism
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| Actinomycete | genera Nocardia and Steptomyces inhabit most soils, including deserts-heterotrophs that break down organic matter-Strptomyces provide scores of ABTs now in use
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| Ammonification | proteins degraded to amino acids and nucleic acids to nucleotides, these subunits further degraded to release nitrogen in form of ammonia
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| Azotobacter | free-living bacterium that fixes nitrogen in areas such as brasslands
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| Benthic zones | general ocean floor
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| Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) | measures pollution-measuring oxygen utilized from water sample over time-as microbial numbers increase-oxygen utilation rate increases and remaining oxygen decreases--clean water low rate-polluted water high rate
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| Bioremediation | use of living organisms as a remedy
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| Contaminated water | contains infectious microbes or toxic substances
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| Denitrification | Pseudomonas utilizes nitrate in place of oxygen for anarebe respiration--form nitrogen gas-released into atmosphere and lost from availability to plants and animals-eventually remove all nitrogen and life would cease
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| eutrophy | algae proliferate, die and settle to bottom of stream-microbes grow on dead algae and metabolize all oxygen-such loss of oxygen--absence of oxygen kills water life such as fish
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| Genetic engineering | when toxin genes are cloned into plants/deleted to protect certain plants or animals-use of recominant DNA
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| Greenhouse effect | global warming-earth's eat held in as heat held within a greenhouse-
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| Lichens | mutualistic groups of algae and fungi-fungi protect algae and help nutritionally-algae fix nitrogen from air into forms used by fungi-algae also photosynthetic and provide organic nutrients for fungi
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| Liquid phase | part of sewage tx-alum may be used to increase amount of microorganism-sized prticles removed from liquid-air blown through liquid to assist growth of aerobic bacteria that rapidly break down residual organics into simple sugars, acids, amino acids
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| Littoral zone | near shoreline and contains most of nutrients and microorganisms
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| Methanogens | group of strictly anaerobic Archaea-grow in swamps and manure-combine carbon dioxide with hydrogen and form methane and wather-methane natural gas burned in furnaces, water heaters , and gas stoves
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| Mycorrhizae | fungal group grows mutualistically with plant roots-fungi help plants obtain minerals--plants provide a growing niche for fungi
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| Nutrification | oxidation of amonia to nitrate by bacteria Nitrosomanas and Nitrobacter
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| Nitrogen fixation | bacteria that reclaim nitrogen gas from the atmosphere
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| Polluted water | contains obvious contaminates indicated by its appearance, smell,etc.-develops when large amounts of organic material enter the water and become a nutritional source for bacteria
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| Potable water | water fit to drink
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| Rhizobium | bacteria attach to roots of legumes and plants form nodules around them-efficient at nitrogen fixation
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| Sewage treatment | degrades and removes particulate matter and kills harmful microorganisms
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| Sludge | solids in sewage
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| Water purification | (blank)
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