Valhalla High School Bentley AP World ch. 1-2
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| Australopithecus | Pre-History creature apart of the hominid family:They had the ability to walk upright on 2 feet, had well developed hands and opposable thumbs, they also had the partial ability to communicate verbally, and they created tools. | They set the standards for human development. | unit: 1 | 3500-500 BC | ch: 1 | Eastern Southern Africa
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| Homo Erectus | "upright walking humans", had a larger brain, learned to tend to fire, used tools, able to communicate complex ideas with one another and migrated along teh Eastern hemisphere | sig: Created fire allowing species to cook, defend themselves and provide heat. | unit 1 | 3500-500 BC | ch. 1 | Eastern Asia to Western Europe
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| Cro-Magnon (Homo Sapien Sapiens) | devised finer, more sophisticated weapons and tools-displayed an interst in fashion artistic prod, cave paintings | sig: first human beings of the fully modern type | unit 1 | 3500-500 BC | ch. 1 | Central Europe: France and Spain
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| Hominids | creature belonging to the family hominidae (human and humanlike species), Australopithecus, Homo Erectus and Cro-Magnon | sig: helps classify the early stages of man into a specific group | unit 1 | 3500-500 BC | ch. 1 | worldwide
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| Jericho | earliest known neolithic village, 2000 residents mainly consisting of farmers. Engaged on a limited amount of trade | sig: shoes how neolithic societies were prosperous and opened doors for future developments | unit 1 | 300-500 BC | ch. 1 | present day Isreal
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| Jomon | neolithic society that harvested buckwheat and developed a productive fishing economy | sig: developed a path for a prosperous economic development in Japan. | unit 1 | 10,000-300 BC | ch. 1 | central Japan
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| Paleolithic | "old stone age"-main characteristic=humans were foraging their own food | sig: showed that the greater need for agriculture was needed | unit 1 | 10,000-300 BC | ch. 1 | worldwide
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| Catal Hayuk | Paleolithic city that featured a variety of specialized crafts and industries. Social status was evident b/c of decorations in houses and burial goods. Beacame prominant b/c obsidian deposits. 5000 inhabitants | sig: shows how neolithic communities were developing | unit 1 | 7250-6150 BC | ch. 1 | south central Anatolia
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| Neanderthal | Paleolithic human beings that showed evidence of the earliest refective thought, performed decorative burials, and recognized the significance of life and death. | sig: Reflected human morals and showed interest around them with human existance. | unit 1 | 3500-500 BC (Paleolithic Era) | ch. 1 | Europe and southwest Asia
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| Homo Sapiens | possessed a large brain, incredible intelligence, migrated throughout Europe, Africa, and Asia, and recognized problems possibilities of the enviroment. They used sophisticated tools and hunted animals. | sig: Proved that neolithic beings were developing and becoming more sophisticated | unit 1 | 3500-500 BC | ch. 1 | africa, europe, asia and austalia
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| venus figurines | refer to the small sculptures of women, usually depicted with exagerrated sexual features. They reflect the interest in fertiity. | sig: intended to increase fertility | unit 1 | 3500-500 BC | ch. 1 | Cro-Magnon sites in central Europ
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| catal hayuk | paleolithic city that featured a variety of specialized crafts & industries. Became prominany b/c of obsidian deposits (5000 inhabitants). Social status was evident b/c decorations in a house or goods buried w/ the dead | sig: shows the development of neolithic communities | unit 1 | 7250-6150 BC | ch. 1 | south central Anatolia
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| neanderthal | paleolithic beings that showed evidence of the earliest reflective thought, performed decorative burials, recognized the significance in the life and death of individuals | sig: reflected human morals: showed interes in the world around them and human existance | unit 1 | 3500-500 BC (paleolithic era) | ch. 1 | Europe adn SW Asia
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| Homo Sapien | ("consciously thinking human")-possessed a large brain, incredible intelligence, migrated through Europe, Africa and Asia, recognized possible problems w/ the environment, used sophisticated tools and hunted animals. | sig: showed how early man was developing thought processing, therefore expansion in development | unit 1 | 3500-500 BC | ch. 1 | parts of N. America, S. America, Europe, Asia, Africa and Australia
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| prehistory | period in time before writing | sig: time for evolution | unit 1 | 3500-500 BC | ch. 1 | worldwide
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| chinook | one of the most prominant Paleolithic societies. Prospered on wild berries, acorns and salmon | sig: showed that early societies were developing an early stage of agriculture | unit 1 | 3500-500 BC | ch. 1 | Pacific NW region of N. America
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| bronze | a metallurgy innovation of copper that helped advance technology in tools, agriculture, and military affairs. | sig: opened doors for innovation in new technology and led to the rise in iron metallurgy. | unit 1 | 4,000 BC | ch. 2 | Mesopotamia
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| city-state | cities became ______ when agriculture became crucial to urban residents. They not only controlled public life within the walls but also oversaw affairs in surrounding agricultural regions. Sumer was the first. | sig: showed that people were needing a form of control and stability and were developing the cuty-states to assist them | unit 1 | 2500 BC they dominated public life | ch. 2 | Sumer: Mesopotamia
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| cuneiform | "wedge-shaped"- Sumerian system of writing. Entered a era of decline after the Greek alphabet script emerged. | sig: showed that innovations in intelligence and education was emerging and a need for a form of keeping track of history was in demand. | unit 1 | 4000 BC | ch. 2 | Mesopotamia
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| Gilgamesh | he was the legendary ruler of Uruk, a Mesopotamian city. He was also the main character in the oldest form of literature, The Epic og Gilgamesh. | sig: shows that early peoples were interested in literature and a form of entertainment with the new use of writing. | unit 1 | 2,000 BC | ch. 2 | Mesopotamia
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| Ancestor Worship | belief that dead ancestors can influence one's fortunes in life, those who believed this conducted rituals and ceremonies to the memory of thier ancestors | sig: increased religious importance in Mesopotamia | unit 1 | 3500-500 B.C.E | chap. 2 | Mesopotamia
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| Aryans | Europeans who settled in India whose union with indigenous Dravidians formed the basis of Hinduism | sig: laid the foundation of Hinduism | unit 1 | 1500 B.C.E | chap. 2 | India
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| Assyrians | South East Asian peoples who built an empire, were known for an powerful army (iron weapons), and a well-structured state | sig: Mesopotamia aquired advanced weapons and aquired techniques of administering large territories | unit 1 | 1300 B.C.E | chap. 2 | Asia and Mesopotamia
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| Babylon | Mesoptamian Empire with centralized bureaucracy and Law Code | sig: led to the eslablishment of a very prestige law code (Hammurabi's Code) | unit 1 | 1600 B.C.E | chap. 2 | modern day Baghdad
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| Hammurabi's Code | A code that was developed by Hammurabi in the Babylonian kingdom to maintain order in the empire. | sig:This was the most extensive and complete code of laws in Mesopotamia. | unit 1 | 1792 BC | ch. 2 | Mesopotamia
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| Hnaging Gardens | created when one of the wives of Nebuchadnezzar wanted flowering shrubs. So, the king planted the shrubs in terraces above the city walls. | sig:The Hanging Gardens represent the luxuriousness of the Babylonian Empire. | unit 1 | 605 - 562 BC | ch. 2 | Babylonia
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| Hittites | In 1900 B.C.E. they migrated to the central plain of Anatolia. During the 17th and 16th centuries B.C.E. the Hittites created a powerful kingdom and maintained close relations with Mesopotamia. In 1595 B.C.E. the Hittites took over Babylonia and | sig: Hittites were the most influential Indo-Europeans in the ancient times. | unit 1 | 1900 -1200 BC | ch. 2 | Central plains of Anatolia
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| Indo-Europeans | The Indo-European homeland was probably in the steppe region of modern day Ukraine and southern Russia. The Indo-Europeans migrated throughout Eurasia spreading their language. | sig: The Indo-Europeans spread their language throughout Eurasia and many regions adopted the language as their own. | unit 1 | 3000 BC | ch. 2 | Eurasia
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| Iron | he Hittites advanced the technology of iron metallurgy. This allowed for them to make more effective weapons cheaper and in larger quantities. | sig:The advancement of iron metallurgy spread throughout Eurasia, especially after the fall of the Hittites in 1200 B.C.E. | unit 1 | 1300 BC | ch. 2 | Anatolia and eventually Eurasia
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| Lex Talionis | main principle in Hammurabi’s Code. “Law of retaliation,” which meant that the offenders suffered the punishment that matched their crime. | sig:provided a substantial form of rule for Mesopotamia and a form of rule over the people. | unit 1 | 1792 BC | ch. 2 | Babylonia
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| Mesopotamia | “the land between the rivers,” sits between the Tigeris and Euphrates rivers. Early civilizations included Sumer, Babylonia, and the Assyrian empire. | sig: Mesopotamia was the homeland of Sumer, Babylonia, and Assyria. | unit 1 | around 1500 BC | ch. 2 | modern day Iraq
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| Monotheism | Monotheism is the belief in only one God. Moses taught that Yahweh was the supremely powerful deity, and all other Mesopotamian Gods were false imposters. | sig: Monotheism was a new concept that quickly spread to other religions. | unit 1 | around 1500 BC | ch. 2 | Mesopotamia
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| Patriarchy | A patriarchal society is one that puts authority into the adult males hands rather then females. Mesopotamians saw men as superior to women and put them at the head of the household. | sig: Although Mesopotamia was patriarchal women did have more freedom then other societies. Women could advise kings, get a formal education and become a scribe, and become a priestesses who manages estates | unit 1 | around 1500 BC | ch. 2 | Mesopotamia
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| Phonecians | They had were many small city-states ruled by local kings. They ruled a coastal plain in between the Mediterranean Sea and Lebanon Mountains. | sig: Because of the Phoenicians ,a large trade network prospered and had considerable influence over smaller neighbors. | unit 1 | 3000 BC | ch. 2 | Canon
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| 10 Commandments | The 10 Commandments is a set of principals that Moses announced to the Israelites that warned against theft, lying, adultery, and murder. | sig: The 10 Commandments was compiled into a set of holy scriptures known as the Torah. | unit 1 | 1000- 400 BC | ch. 2 | Mesopotamia
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| Torah | a religious doctrine compiled with religious text from the 10 Commandments. | sig: The Torah was Yahweh’s laws that guided human affairs. | unit 1 | 1000- 400 BC | ch. 2 | Mesopotamia
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| Yahweh | Yahweh is the supremely powerful deity of the Hebrews. | sig:Yahweh is the God of the Hebrews. | unit 1 | 1000 BC-present day | ch. 2 | Mesopotamia
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| Ziggurat | Ziggurats are religious temples built in Mesopotamia. | sig: Israelites did not associate with Ziggurats because the represented the false Mesopotamian gods. | unit 1 | 1000 BC | ch. 2 | Mesopotamia
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