Tectonics Assessment
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| lithosphere | the outermost part of the Earth including the crust and upper mantle
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| convergent | two plates move towards each other, continental vs continental plates produce Fold Mountains eg. the Himalayas. Where oceanic vs continental plates, Subduction Zones are formed
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| divergent | two plates move away from each other, continental vs continental plates produce Rift Valleys eg. East African Rift Valley. Where oceanic vs oceanic plates Oceanic Ridges form eg. Mid-Atlantic Ridge.
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| subduction | oceanic vs continental plates move towards each other, due to the difference in density, the more dense oceanic plate sinks and is forced beneath the less dense continental plate
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| transform | two plates slide past one another, typically with a stick-slip motion - this produces seismic activity and earthquakes
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| asthenosphere | the ductile part of the earth just below the lithosphere, including the upper mantle
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| igneous | rocks such as Granite (below the surface) and Basalt (on the surface) formed from cooled magma
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| sedimentary | rocks formed by the deposition of layers of eroded 'sediments' under various conditions eg. Limestone, Sandstone and Shale
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| metamorphic | sedimentary or igneous rocks altered under intense heat or pressure eg. Marble and Slate
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| continental | plates are between 20-80 km thick and relatively less dense
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| oceanic | plates are thinner, around 10 km thick and relatively dense
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| hotspots | These are super heated areas of magma within the mantle which cause magma to break through the crust eg. Hawaiian Islands in the middle of the Pacific plate.
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| shield | found at constructive, divergent margins, produced by flows of fluid lava which forms gently sloping, low profile cones
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| composite | found at destructive, convergent margins, produced by layers of viscous lava and ash which form steep sloped, tall cones
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| cinder | found close to subduction zones, these are simply produced by layer upon layer of cooled 'blobs' or lava to form a circular or oval cone
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| fold | can be defined as a bend in rock that is the response to compressional forces
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| fault | can be defined as the displacement of once connected blocks of rock along a fault plane
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| epicentre | the point on the Earth surface directly above the focus
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| focus | There is a sudden movement within the crust or mantle, and concentric shock waves move out from that point
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| p-waves | They are high frequency, short-wavelength, longitudinal waves which can pass through both solids and liquids. The ground is forced to move forwards and backwards as it is compressed and decompressed.
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| s-waves | They move in all directions away from their source, at speeds which depend upon the density of the rocks through which they are moving. They cannot move through liquids
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| l-waves | similar to that of waves in the sea. The ground is made to move in a circular motion, causing it to rise and fall as visible waves move across the ground
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| tsunami | giant waves which result from underwater earthquakes or landslides
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| lahar | mudflow made up of volcanic debris
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| pyroclastic flow | super heated explosion of gas, ash and rock
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| lava flow | river of molten rock
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Created by:
lelowther
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