Diagnostic and pathological terms ch.12 respiratory system
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| auscultation | listening to sounds withing the body
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| percussion | tapping on a surface to determine the difference in the density of the underlying structure
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| pleural rub | scratchy sound produced by the motion of inflamed or irritated pleural surfaces rubbing against each other
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| rales (crackles) | abnormal crackling sounds heard during inspiration when there is fluid, blood, or pus in the alveoli
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| sputum | material expelled from the chest by coughing or cleaning the throat
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| stridor | strained, high-pitched whistling sounds heard when air is forced through a narrow space during inspiration or expiration
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| wheezes | continuous high-pitched whistling sounds heard when air is forced through a narrow space during inspiration or expiration
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| croup | acute viral infection in infants and children; characterized by obstruction of the larynx, barking cough, and stridor
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| diphtheria | acute infection of the throat and upper respiratory tract caused by the diphtheria bacterium
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| epistaxis | nosebleed
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| rhonchi | coarse, loud rales usually caused by secretions in the bronchial tubes
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| pertussis | bacterial infection of the pharynx,larynx,trachea, caused by bordetella pertussis
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| asthma | chronic inflammatory disorder characterized by airway obstruction caused by edema, bronchoconstriction, and increased mucus production
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| bronchiectasis | chronic dilation of a bronchus secondary to infection in the lower lobes of the lung
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| bronchogenic carcinoma | cancerous tumors arising from a bronchus
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| chronic bronchitis | inflammation of the bronchi persisting over a long time
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| pneumonia | acute inflammation and infection of alveoli, which fill with pus or products of the inflammatory reaction
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| cystic fibrosis | inherited disorder of exorine glands resulting in thick, mucous secretions that do not drain normally
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| atelectasis | incomplete expansion of alveoli;collpaped, functionless airless lung or portion of lung
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| emphysema | hyperinflation of air sacs with destruction of alveolar walls
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| pneumoconiosis | abnormal condition caused by dust in the lungs with chronic inflammation, infection and bronchitis
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