legally adding land area to a city in the united states
ANTARCTICA
the fifth largest and least explored continent that, historically, has been covered by ice all year that is not owned by any other country, Antarctica has been set aside for peaceful, scientific purpose
APARTHEID
laws (no longer in effect) in south africa that physically separated different races into different geographic areas.
BALKANIZATION
process by which a state breaks down through conflicts among its ethnicities
BORDER LANDSCAPE
There are two types, exclusionary and inclusionary. Exclusionary is meant to keep people out, such as the border between the U.S. and Mexico. Inclusionary is meant to facilitate trade and movement, such as the U.S.-Canada border.
BOUNDARY DISPUTES
conflicts over the location, size, and extent of borders between nations
BOUNDARY ORIGIN
boundaries often originated from old tribal lands and lands won in war
BOUNDARY PROCESS
the process of creating boundaries
BOUNDARY TYPE
Many boundaries are natural boundaries, formed by rivers, mountains, etc. There are also political boundaries. These are often formed through war and compromise in treaties and agreements. In countries often form cultural boundaries that used to belong.
BUFFER STATE
is a country lying between two rival or potentially hostile greater powers, which by its sheer existence is thought to prevent conflict between them.
CAPITAL
principle city in a state or country
CENTRIFUGAL
religious, political, economic, conflict, etc. that causes disunity in a state
CENTRIPETAL
an attitude that unifies people and enhances support for the state
CITY-STATE
a region controlled by a city and that has sovereignty
COLONIALISM
attempt by one country to establish settlements adn impose its political, economic, and cultural priciples in another territory
CONFEDERATION
association of sovereign states by a treaty or agreement
CONFERENCE OF BERLIN (1884)
regulated the trade and colonization in Africa by European countries
CORE/PERIPHERY
Core countries have high levels of development, a capacity at innovation and a convergence of trade flows. Periphery countries usually have less development and are poorer countries
DECOLONIZATION
the movement of American/European colonies gaining independence
DEVOLUTION
is both the decentralization of a government from a unitary to a federal system or a fracturing of a government like Balkanization
