Viral Diseases of the Respiratory Tract
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| Adenoids | (blank)
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| Adenoviruses | naked, dsDNA-containing viruses for which there are at least 50 stereotypes--immunity lifeong and type specific--originally isolated from adenoids--latent in tissue for life--colds severe with fever--
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| Antigenic drift | mutation change of hemagglutininand neuraminidase
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| Antigenic shift | complete hemagglutinin gene change
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| Chicken pox | varicella virus--one of the most highly contagious diseases known--rash lasts 2-3 wks--itching--
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| Common cold | (blank)
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| Congenital rubella syndrome | when a pregnant woman passes rubella virus to fetus during first trimester--any organs can be affected--eyes, brain, abdominal and thoracic organs, bone, etc.
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| Guillain-Barre syndrome | risk that occurs rarely--1 in every million doses of flu vaccine-- sx--neural damage, paralysis, and coma
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| Hemagglutinin | viral protein that attaches virus to ciliated epithelial cells in throat so virus can enter and kill cells--influenza virus
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| Influenza virus | spreads from person to person in 2-3 days--fever, chills, headache, and muscle pains--cough develops and transmits virions--sx last 7-10 days--killed vaccine produced each year for expected antigenic types
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| Iron lungs | large steel tanks--children condemned to live in--only machines available to provide a pressure change on chest to force breathing--poliovirus tx
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| Keratoconjunctivitis | inflammation of the conjunctiva and the cornea of the eye
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| Koplik's spots | reddish patches with white, salt crystal-like centers--first described by Dr. Henry Koplik--measles virus
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| Local epidemic | both hemagglutinin and neuraminidase can change in small steps by mutation--happens on a yearly basis--influenza virus
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| Measles virus | causes rubeola--7 day measles--most distinctive diagnostic sign is Koplik's spots--mild in most pts--highly contagious--vaccine developed in early 1960's
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| Mumps virus | inflamation of the parotid gland (parotitis)--glandular orifice swells shut, fills with saliva, becomes tight and tender--chewing becomes painful--testes can become infected (orchitits) and sterility can occur--live attenuated vaccine developed in 1967
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| Neuraminidase | surface viral protein that breaks down the protective mucous layer that lines the throat--influenza virux
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| Poliovirus | tiny RNA virus that infects the alimentary canal--invades neurons in spinal column--causes poliomyelitis--transmitted in water or food-initial infection in adenoids/lymphatic tissue intestinal tract--sometimes spread via bloodstream to meninges-
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| Respiratory syncytial virus | causes a serious infection of lower resp. tract in young children--spread in infant ward-tx ribavirin via resperator--infected seperated--induces syncytia
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| Reye's syndrome | children under 17 given ASA get this
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| Rhinovirus | cause 50% of common colds--people have 3-5 infections/year--no fever--spread via resp aerosols produced b coughing/sneezing--grow at cool temps of nose--do not invade via bloodstream--headache/sore throat/runny nose
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| Rubella virus | causes 3 day measles/German measles--red rash lasts 3 days less pronounced than the measles rash--vaccine
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| Rubeola | caused by measles virus
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| Sabin vacine | live attenuated--kills polio virus
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| Salk vaccine | killed vaccine--eliminated polio virus
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| Shingles | caused by zoster virus--reccurent disease of chicken pox--painful neuralgia--lasts 3-5 weeks--comes from cranial nuerons--rash appears where that neuron enervates skin on one side of face or body--facial paralysis can result--pain meds needed
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| Syncytia | caused by respiratory syncytial virus--causes infected cells to fuse together
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