psychology.1
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| psychneuroimmunology | the study of the effects of psychological factors such as stress, emotions, thoughts and behavior on the immune system
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| Stress- | the term used to describe the physical, emotional, cognitive, and behavioral responses to events that are appraised as threatening or challenging.
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| Stressors- | events that cause a stress reaction
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| Distress | the effect of unpleasant and undesirable stressors
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| Eustress- | the effect of positive events, or the optimal amount of stress that people need to promote health and well-being
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| Catastrophe- | an unpredictable, large scale event that creates a tremendous need to adapt and adjust as well overwhelming feeling of threat
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| Social readjustment rating scale SRRS | assessment that measures the amount of stress in a person’s life over a 1 year in a person’s life resulting from major life events
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| College undergraduate stress scale cuss- | assessment that measures the amount of stress in a college students life over a 1 year period resulting from major life events
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| Hassles | the daily annoyance of everyday life
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| Pressure | the psychological experience produced by urgent demands or expectations for a person’s behavior that come from an outside source
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| Frustration- | the psychological experience produced by the blocking of a desired goal or fulfillment of a perceived need
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| Aggression- | - actions meant to harm or destroy
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| Displaced aggression | taking out ones frustration on some less threatening or more available target
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| Escape or withdrawal | leaving the presence of a stressor, either literally or by a psychological withdrawal into fantasy drug abuse, or apathy
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| Approach-approach conflict- | conflict occurring when a person must choose between two desirable goals
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| Avoidance- avoidance conflict | conflict occurring when a person must choose between two desirable goals
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| Approach-avoidance conflict | conflict occurring when a person must choose or not choose a goal that has both positive and negative aspects
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| Double approach-avoidance conflict | conflict in which the person must decide between two goals, with each goal possessing both positive and negative aspects
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| Multiple approach-avoidance conflict | conflict in which the person must decide between more than two goals, with each goal possessing both positive and negative aspects
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| General adaptation syndrome GAS | the three stages of the body physiological reaction to stress, including alarm, resistance, and exhaustion
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| Immune system | the system of cells organs and chemicals of the body that responds to attacks from diseases, infections and injuries
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| Type 2 diabetes | disease involving failure of the pancreas medication, usually diagnosed before the age of 40 and can be associated with obesity
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| Natural killer cell Kt | immune system cell responsible for suppressing viruses and destroying tumor cells
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| Health psychology | area of psychology focusing on how physical activities, psychological traits, and social relationships affect overall health and rate of illnesses
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| Primary appraisal | the first step in assessing stress, which involves estimating the severity of a stress and classifying it as either a treat or a challenge
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| Secondary appraisal | the second step in assessing a treat, which involves estimating the resource available to the person for coping with the stressor
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| Type a personality- | person who is ambitious, time conscious, extremely hardworking, and tends to have high levels of hostility and anger as well as being easily annoyed
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| Type b personality | person who is relaxed and laid back, less driven and competitive than type a, and slow to anger
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| Type c personality | - pleasant but repressed person, who tends to internalize his or her anger and anxiety and who finds expressing emotions difficult
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| Hardy personality | person who seems to thrive on stress but lacks the anger and hostility of the type a personality
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| Optimists- | people who expect positive outcomes
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| Pessimists | people who expect negative outcomes
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| Burnout- | negative changes in thoughts, emotions and behavior as a result of prolonged stress or frustration
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| Acculturative stress | - stress resulting from the need to change and adapt a person’s ways to the majority culture
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| Social-support system | the network of family, friend’s neighbors, coworkers, and others who offer support, comfort, or aid to a person in need
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| Repetitive meditation | form of meditation in which a person attempts to become aware of everything in immediate conscious experience, or an expansion of consciousness
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| Personality- | the unique and relatively stable ways in which people think, feel, and behave
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| Character- | value judgments of a person’s moral and ethical behavior
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| Temperament- | the enduring characteristics tics with each person is born
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| Unconscious mind | level of the mind in which thoughts, feelings, memoirs and other information are kept that are not easily or voluntary brought into consciousness
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| ID- | part of the personality present at birth and completely unconscious
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| Pleasure principle- | principle by which the id functions the immediate satisfaction of needs without regard for the consequences
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| Ego- | - part of the personality that develops out of a need to deal with reality, mostly conscious, rational, and logical
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| Reality principle- | principle by which the ego functions; the satisfaction of the demands of the id only when negative consequences will not result
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| Superego | part of the personality that acts as a moral center
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| Conscience | part of the superego that produces guilt, depending on how acceptable behavior is
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| Psychological defense mechanism | unconscious distortions of a person’s perception of reality that reduce stress and anxiety
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| Denial | psychological defense mechanism in which the person refuses to acknowledge or recognize a threatening situation
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| Repression – | psychological defense mechanism in which the person refuses to consciously remember a threatening or unacceptable event instead pushing those events in to the unconscious mind
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| Rationalization | psychological defense mechanism in which a person invents acceptable excuses for unacceptable behavior
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