LabMedicine Test 1
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| Male RBC | 4.3-5.9
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| Female RBC | 3.5-5.5
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| Birth RBC | 5-6.3
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| Hemorrhage | Low RBC
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| Hemolysis | Low RBC
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| Dietary deficiency (Iron or B12) | Low RBC
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| Sickle Cell | Low RBC
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| Medications | Low RBC
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| Chronic disease (Cancer, sepsis) | Low RBC
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| Renal Disease | Low RBC
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| Pregnancy | Low RBC
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| Prosthetic Valves | Low RBC
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| Dehydration | High RBC
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| Hypoxia | High RBC
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| Polycythemia Vera | High RBC
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| High Altitude | High RBC
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| Medications | High RBC
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| Smoking | High RBC
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| MCV | 80-100
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| MCH | 27-32
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| MCV | tells cell size
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| MCH | tells amount or weight of Hb
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| MCHC | tells percent of Hg within a single RBC; color - hyper or hypochromic
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| Chronic illness | normocytic, normochromic anemia
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| acute blood loss | normocytic, normochromic anemia
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| aquired hemolytic anemia (heart valve) | normocytic, normochromic anemia
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| iron deficiency | microcytic, hypochromic
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| thalassemia | microcytic, hypochromic
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| lead poisioning | microcytic, hypochromic
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| renal disease | microcytic, normochromic
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| B12 deficiency | macrocytic, normochromic
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| folate deficiency | macrocytic, normochromic
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| liver disease | macrocytic, normochromic
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| alcoholics | macrocytic
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| iron deficiency | decreased MCHC
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| lead poisoning | decreased MCHC
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| thalassemia | decreased MCHC
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| spherocytosis | increased MCHC
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| RDW | red blood cell distribution width
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| Increased RDW | large variation in RBC size
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| Iron deficiency | increased RDW
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| folate deficiency | increased RDW
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| B12 deficiency | increased RDW
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| hemolytic anemia | increased RDW
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| transfusion | increased RDW
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| alcohol abuse | increased RDW
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| Male Hb | 14-17
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| Female HB | 12-15
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| anemia | low Hb
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| erythropoietin deficiency | low Hb
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| Transfusion reaction | low Hb
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| bleeding | low Hb
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| lead poisoning | low Hb
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| malnutrition | low Hb
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| nutritional deficiencies (iron, folate, b12, b6) | low Hb
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| overhydration | low Hb
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| congenital heart disease | high Hb
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| cor pulmonale | high hb
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| pulmonary fibrosis | high Hb
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| polycythemia vera | high Hb
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| excess erythropoietin | high Hb
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| anabolic steroids | high Hb
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| Hematocrit | percent of whole blood that is RBC
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| male Hct | 40-50
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| female Hct | 36-44
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| 1 unit of blood raises Hct | 1.5-2
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| anemia | low Hct
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| blood loss | low Hct
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| bone marrow failure | low Hct
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| destruction of RBC | low Hct
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| malignancies | low Hct
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| malnutrition | low Hct
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| rheumatoid arthritis | low Hct
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| Anemia of chronic diseases | low Hct
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| dehydration | high Hct
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| erythrocytosis | high Hct
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| polycythemia vera | high Hct
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| WBC | 4,500-11,000
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| Neutrophils | fighting cells
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| emotional disturbances | high neutrophils
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| nausea/vomiting | high neutrophils
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| physical exercise | high neutrophils
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| acute infections | high neutrophils
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| bacterial, mycotic, rickettsial, spirochetal (strep) infection | high neutrophils
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| acute inflammatory disorders | high neutrophils
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| rheumatoid arthritis, rheumatic fever, vasculitis, myositis | high neutrophils
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| uremia, diabetes acidosis, thyroid storm, eclampsia | high neutrophils
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| post hemorrhage | high neutrophils
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| leukemia | high neutrophils
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| myeloproliferative disorders | high neutrophils
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| tissue necrosis, MI, burns, malignant neoplasia | high neutrophils
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| smoking | high neutrophils
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| allergy | high neutrophils
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| appendicitis WBC | 10,000-12,000
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| bacterial infections (typhoid fever, sepsis) | low neutrophils
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| hepatitis | low neutrophils
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| mono | low neutrophils
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| measles, rubella, flu, HIV | low neutrophils
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| radiation/chemo | low neutrophils
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| lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, alcohol | low neutrophils
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| lymphocytes | increased with mostly viral diseases
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| hepatitis | high lymphocytes
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| mono, CMV, zoster | high lymphocytes
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| mumps, measles, viral pneumonia | high lymphocytes
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| pertussis | high lymphocytes
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| IBD, ulcerative colitis, chrons disease | high lymphocytes
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| ALL, CML leukemia, multiple myeloma | high lymphocytes
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| acute infections | low lymphocytes
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| increased corticosteroids with tx or Cushings | low lymphocytes
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| immunodeficiencies | low lymphocytes
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| defects in lymphatic drainage | low lymphocytes
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| debilitating disease (cancer, lupus, TB, renal failure) | low lymphocytes
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| monocytes | increase with everything!
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| TB, lupus, syphilis | high monocytes
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| hepatitis, mumps | high monocytes
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| malaria | high monocytes
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| leukemia, lymphomas | high monocytes
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| polycystemia vera | high monocytes
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| collagen vascular disease | high monocytes
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| Main causes of increased eosinophils | parasitic diseases, allergies, fungal infections
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| parasitic diseases (trichinosis, intestinal) | high eosinophils
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| allergic diseases (asthma, urticaria) | high eosinophils
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| skin disorders (eczema, pemphigus, TENS) | high eosinophils
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| drugs | high eosinophils
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| fungal infections (aspergillius, histo) | high eosinophils
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| malignancy (hodgkins, ovarian, lung cancer) | high eosinophils
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| platelets | 150,000-400,000
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| safe platelet count to operate for emergent procedures | 30,000
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| aplastic anemia | low platelets
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| radiation/chemo | low platelets
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| acute leukemia, myelofibrosis, multiple myeloma | low platelets
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| most common cause of low platelets | thrombocytopenia
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| excessive pooling (hypersplenism) | low platelets
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| post transfusion purpura | low platelets
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| Idiopathicothrompocytopenic purpura | low platelets
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| mono | low platelets
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| drugs | low platelets
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| Disseminated Intravascular coagulation (DIC) | low platelets
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| sepsis | low platelets
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| hemolytic uremic syndrome | low platelets
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| heart valves | low platelets
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| heparin | low platelets
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| HIV | low platelets
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| Causes of low platelets by | decreased production, excessive pooling, increased destruction
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| Causes of high platelets by | reactive or primary diseases
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| infection | high platelets
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| acute blood loss | high platelets
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| cancer | high platelets
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| splenectomy | high platelets
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| polycythemia vera | high platelets
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| chronic leukemia | high platelets
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| Normal Pt Hemoglobin differences | High HbA1, low Hg A2, low Hg F, No Hb S or C
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| Newborn HgF | 50-80%
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| 6 month old HgF | 8%
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| >6month old HgF | 1-2%
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| Beta Thalassemia Major | Increased HgF
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| Sickle Cell | Increased HgF
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| Reticulocyte count | measures percent of immature RBC
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| erythroblastosis fetalis | high reticulocytes
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| most common cause of high reticulocytes | hemolytic anemia
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| acute blood loss/post hemorrhage | high reticulocytes
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| kidney disease (increased erythropoietin) | high reticulocyte
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| infiltrative marrow disorders | high reticulocytes
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| bone marrow failure (due to toxicity, tumor, fibrosis, infection) | low reticulocytes
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| cirrhosis | low reticulocytes
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| folate, iron, vit B12 deficiency | low reticulocytes
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| drugs | low reticulocytes
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| kidney disease (decreased erythropoietin) | low reticulocytes
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| Factor V Leiden | hypercoagulable state
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| malignancy | hypercoagulable state
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| PT | prothrombin time
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| Normal PT | 11-12.5 seconds
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| If pt is anticoagulated, PT should be | 1.5-2 times faster than the normal PT
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| PT | extrinsic pathways
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| Vitamin K dependent factors | II, VII, IX, X
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| Extrinsic pathway factors | I, II, V, VII, IX, X
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| coumadin | prolonged PT
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| heparin | prolonged PT
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| vit K deficiency | prolonged PT
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| liver disease | prolonged PT
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| decreased fibrinogen | prolonged PT
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| VWF deficiency | prolonged PT
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| DIC | prolonged PT
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| DIC | disseminated intravascular coagulation
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| factor deficiency | prolonged PT
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| coumadin | increased INR
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| Vit K | decreased PT
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| Normal INR | 2-3
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| INR | international normalizing ratio
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| INR for mechanical prosthetic valves | 2.5-3.5
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| If INR is 1.8 | increase coumadin dose
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| if INR really high (10 or 11) | give Vit K
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| ETOH | prolong PT/INR
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| high fat or leafy veg | decrease PT/INR
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| diarrhea/malabsorption | prolonged PT/INR
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| allopurinol, b-lactams, quinolones, thorazine, cimetidine | prolong PT/INR
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| anabolic steroids, digoxin, benadryl, BC | decrease PT/INR
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| PTT | intrinsic
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| Coumadin | extrinsic
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| heparin | intrinsic
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| PTT | partial thromboplastin time
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| Normal PTT | 60-70 seconds
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| APTT or anticoagulated pt PTT | want to be 2x faster than normal so 30-40 seconds
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| heparin | increased PTT
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| vit k deficiency | increased PTT
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| liver disease | increased PTT
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| DIC | increased PTT
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| lupus anticoagulant | increased PTT
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| factor deficiencies | increased PTT
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| thrombin time | TT
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| normal TT | 12-18 seconds
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| TT | used to detect hypofibrinogenemia and presence of heparin
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| heparin | prolonged TT
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| severe hypofibrinogenemia | <80 mg/dL fibrinogen
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| severe hypofibrinogenemia | prolonged TT
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| DIC | prolonged TT
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| normal fibrinogen level | 200-400 mg/dL
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| critical fibrinogen levels | <100 mg/dL
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| liver disease | decreased fibrinogen
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| DIC | decreased fibrinogen
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| large volume blood transfusion | decreased fibrinogen
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| estrogens and BC | increased fibrinogen
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| FSP | fibrin split producs
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| FSP Normal value | <10 mcg/mL
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| DIC | increased FSP
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| therapeutic throbolysis | TPA
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| TPA | increased FSP
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| thrombosis | increased FSP
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| thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura | increased FSP
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| hemolytic uremic syndrome | increased FSP
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| D-dimer normal values | <250mg/mL
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| DVT | increased D-dimer
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| PE | increased D-dimer
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| sickle cell | increased D-dimer
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| malignant thrombosis | increased D-dimer
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| major surgeries | increased D-dimer
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| Direct Coomb normal values | negative
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| direct coomb normal values | trace - 4
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| positive coomb normal values | >4
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| erythroblastosis fetalis | elevated direct coombs
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| incompatible blood transfusion reaction | elevated direct coombs
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| lymphoma | elevated direct coombs
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| autoimmune hemolytic anemia | elevated direct coombs
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| infectious mono | elevated direct coombs
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| mycoplasma infections | elevated direct coombs
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| hemolytic anemia after CABG | elevated direct coombs
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| drugs - ampicillin, captopril, cephalosporins, thorazine | false positive elevated direct coombs
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| direct coombs | checks for antibodies on RBC surface
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| indirect coombs | checkes for antibodies in blood serum
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| good glucose control | <5.9% HbA1C
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| fair glucose control | 6-8% HbA1C
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| poor glucose control | >8% HbA1C
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Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
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Created by:
jjohrden16
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