Microbiology
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each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| Abcesses | walled off infections into which cells of immune system cannot gain entry
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| Acute infection | begin abruptly, usually with severe effects
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| Aerosols | droplets produced by coughing or sneezing
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| Asymptomatic infection | (subclinical/inapparent) infections that do not manifest symptoms even though microbe is present and normally growing
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| Bacteremia | bacteria in the blood
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| Chronic carrier | one who can spread the disease even though asymptomatic himself
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| Chronic infection | appear insidiously an last for extended periods
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| Clinical disease | one in which symptoms are visible
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| Communicable diseases | one where the agent can be passed from one host to another
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| Contagious disease | diseases that are highly communicable
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| Endemic | diseases localized to their specific areas
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| Endotoxins | integral part of the microbe--common virulence factor--released only when microbe is damaged or lysed--
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| Epidemic | an outbreak of a disease in a restricted area, like a city or state
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| Epidemiology | identifying new organisms and their mode of spread--essential to the reduction of disease
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| Exoenzymes | a number of organisms, including bacteria and viruses, secrete enzymes
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| Exotoxins | toxins secreted from the microbe
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| Extracellular pathogen | survive in humans by characteristic virulence factors that allow them to evade phagocytic cells that would otherwise destroy them
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| Fecal-oral route | microbes transmitted through dirty hands of bugs
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| Focus | (locale) infection that does not spread--a cut that gets nfected
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| Fomite | disease transmission from an inanimate object
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| Hemolysins | toxins or enzymes specifically cause red blood cells to lyse and release their contents--contents available to pathogen as nutrient source
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| Horizontal transmission | disease transmission from one individual to another
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| Inapparent infection | (asymptomatic, subclinical) infections that do not manifest symptoms even though microbe is present and normally growing
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| Infection control committee | on-site in hospitals to identify and control the spreading of outbreaks as rapidly as possible
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| Infection control nurse | on-site in hospitals to identify and control the spreading of outbreaks as rapidly as possible
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| Infectious dose | varies from one organism to another and refers to how many organisms are required to establish an infection of average--exposure to fewer number of this organism usually don't cause infection
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| Intracellular pathogen | developed virulence factors that allow them to survive even inside phagocytic cells
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| Latency | (latent state) symptoms subside--somewhere in the body the microbes carry on in a dormant state--reactivate when immune system is weak or due to other factors
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| Leukocytosis | increased numbers of white blood cells (leukocyte--white cells--osis--condition of) normal in infectious disease
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| Leukopenia | (leuko--white cell--penia--poverty of) reduced numbers of white blood cells
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| Local infection | (systemic) spread via blood or lymphatic system
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| Locale | (focus) wound that becomes infected but does not spread
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| Nonvirulent microbes | microbes that do not cause disease in humans
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| Opportunistic infections | when individuals become diseased because of nonpathogenic organisms like normal flora
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| Pandemic | when a disease spreads around the whole world
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| Portal of entry | site where pathogens gain access to tisue that can be infected--mouth, nose, GU tract, cuts in skin, placenta, and penetration point of a mosquito's proboscis
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| Primary (frank) pathogen | can successfully invade and infect healthy hosts
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| Primary infection | one infection that may lead to another
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| Secondary infection | infection caused by primary infection
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| Septicemia | actively growing bacteria in the blood
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| Sequelae | diseases that seem to completely mend but have specific aftermaths or follow-up problems later
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| Subacute infection | in between acute and chronic infections--intermediate duration and symptom severity
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| Subclinical infection | (asymptomatic, inapparent) infection that do not manifest symptoms even though microbe is present and normally growing
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| Systemic infection | (local) spread via blood or lymphatic systems
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| Toxemia | toxins spread via the blood stream
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| Vertical transmission | disease transmitted from parent to progeny
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| Viremia | Virus in the blood
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| Virulence factors | microbial chemical factors that are required ofr or important in establishing disease
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