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science page 101

Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in each of the black spaces below before clicking on it to display the answer.
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Term
Definition
stress   a force that acts on rock to change its shape or volume  
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tension   the stress force that pulls on the crust and thins rock in the middle  
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compression   the stress force that squeeze rock until it folds or breaks  
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shearing   stress that pushes a mass of rock in two opposite directions  
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normal fault   the fault cuts through rock at an angle, so one block  
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reverse fault   same structure as a normal fault, but the blocks move in opposite directions  
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strike-slip fault   the rocks on either side of the fault slip past each other sideways, with little up or down motion  
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plateau   a large area of flat land elevated high above sea level  
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earthquake   the shaking and trembling that results from movement of rock beneath Earth's surface  
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focus   the area beneath Earth's surface where rock that was under stress begins to break or move  
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epicenter   the point on the surface directly above the focus  
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P wave   seismic waves that compress and expand the ground like an accordion  
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S wave   seismic waves that can vibrate form side to side or up and down  
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suface wave   slower than P and S waves, but they can produce severe ground movements  
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seismograph   an instrument that records and measures an earthquake's seismic waves  
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Modified Mercalli scale   rates the amount of shaking from an earthquake  
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magnitude   a single number that geologists assign to an earthquake based on the earthquake's size  
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Richter scale   the earliest magnitude scale  
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moment magniude scale   rate the total energy an earthquake releases  
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seismogram   the pattern of lines that is record an earthquake's seismic waves produced by a seismograph  
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