Body Structure, Color, and Oncology
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| aden/o | Gland
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| cyt/o | Cell
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| epitheli/o | Epithelium
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| fibr/o | Fiber
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| hist/o | Tissue
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| kary/o | Nucleus
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| lip/o | Fat
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| my/o | Muscle
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| neur/o | Nerve
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| organ/o | Organ
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| sarc/o | Flesh, Connective Tissue
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| system/o | System
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| viscer/o | Internal Organs
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| cancer/o | Cancer (a disease characterized by the unregulated, abnormal growth of new cells)
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| carcin/o | Cancer (a disease characterized by the unregulated, abnormal growth of new cells)
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| eti/o | Cause (of disease)
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| gno/o | Knowledge
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| iatr/o | Physician, Medicine (also means treatment)
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| lei/o | Smooth
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| onc/o | Tumor, Mass
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| path/o | Disease
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| rhabd/o | Rod-shaped, Striated
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| somat/o | Body
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| chlor/o | Green
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| chrom/o | Color
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| cyan/o | Blue
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| erythr/o | Red
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| leuk/o | White
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| melan/o | Black
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| xanth/o | Yellow
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| dia- | Through, Complete
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| dys- | Painful, Abnormal, Difficult, Labored
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| hyper- | Above, Excessive
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| hypo- | Below, Incomplete, Defiecient
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| meta- | After, Beyond, Change
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| neo- | New
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| pro- | Before
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| -al | Pertaining to
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| -ic | Pertaining to
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| -ous | Pertaining to
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| -cyte | Cell
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| -gen | Substance or agent that produces or causes
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| -genic | Producing, originating, causing
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| -logist | One who studies and treats (specialist, physician)
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| -logy | Study of
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| -oid | Resembling
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| -oma | Tumor, swelling
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| -osis | Abnormal condition (means INCREASE when used with blood cell word roots)
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| -pathy | Disease
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| -plasia | Condition of formation, development, growth
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| -plasm | Growth, substance, formation
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| -sarcoma | Malignant tumor
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| -sis | State of
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| -stasis | Control, stop, standing
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| CA | Carcinoma
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| Chemo | Chemotherapy
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| Dx | Diagnosis
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| mets | Metastasis
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| Px | Prognosis
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| RBC | Red Blood Cell
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| XRT | Radiation therapy
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| WBC | White Blood Cell
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| Integumentary System | Composed of skin, nails, and glands. Forms a protective covering for the body, regulates body temperature, and helps manufacture vitamin D.
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| Respiratory System | Composed of nose, pharynx (throat), larynx (voice box), trachea (windpipe), bronchial tubes, and lungs. Performs respiration which provides for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide within the body.
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| Urinary System | Composed of kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. Removes waste material (urine) from the body, regulates fluid volume, and maintains electrolyte concentration.
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| Reproductive System | Female reproductive system is composed of ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, and mammary glands. Male reproductive system is composed of testes, urethra, penis, prostate gland, and associated tubes. Responsible for heredity and reproduction.
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| Cardiovascular System | Composed of the heart and blood vessels. Pumps and transports blood throughout the body.
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| Lymphatic System | Composed of a network of vessels, ducts, nodes, and organs. Provides defense against infection.
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| Digestive System | Composed of the gastrointestinal tract which includes the esophagus, stomach, large and small intestine plus accessory organs, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas. Prepares food for use by the body cells and eliminates waste.
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| Musculoskeletal System | Composed of muscle, bones, and joints. Provides movement and framework for the body, protects vital organs such as the brain, stores calcium, and produces red blood cells.
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| Nervous System | Composed of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves. Regulates body activities by sending and receiving messages.
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| Endocrine System | Composed of glands that secrete hormones. Hormones regulate many body activities.
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| Cranial Cavity | Space inside the skull (cranium) containing the brain.
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| Spinal Cavity | Space inside the spinal column containing the spinal cord.
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| Thoracic Cavity | Space containing the heart, aorta, lungs, esophagus, trachea, and bronchi.
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| Abdominal Cavity | Space containing the stomach, intestines, kidneys, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen, and ureters.
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| Pelvic Cavity | Space containing the urinary bladder, certain reproductive organs, parts of the small and large intestine, and the rectum.
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| Abdominopelvic Cavity | Both the pelvic and abdominal cavities.
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| Adenocarcinoma | Cancerous tumor of glandular tissue
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| Adenomo | Tumor composed of glandular tissue (benign)
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| Carcinoma | Cancerous tumor (malignant)
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| Chloroma | Tumor of green color (malignant, arising from myeloid tissue)
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| Epithelioma | Tumor composed of epithelium (may be benign or malignant)
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| Fibroma | Tumor composed of fiber (fibrous tissue)
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| Fibrosarcoma | Malignant tumor composed of fiber (fibrous tissue)
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| Leiomyoma | Tumor composed of smooth muscle (benign)
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| Leiomyosarcoma | Malignant tumor of smooth muscle
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| Lipoma | Tumor composed of fat (benign tumor)
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| Liposarcoma | Malignant tumor of fat
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| Melanocarcinoma | Cancerous black tumor (malignant)
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| Melanoma | Black tumor (primarily of the skin)
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| Myoma | Tumor composed of muscle (benign)
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| Neoplasm | New growth (of abnormal tissue or tumor)
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| Neuroma | Tumor composed of nerve (benign)
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| Rhabdomyoma | Tumor composed of striated muscle (benign)
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| Rhabdomyosarcoma | Malignant tumor of striated muscle
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| Sarcoma | Tumor of connective tissue (such as bone or cartilage) (highly malignant)
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| Cytogenic | Producing cells
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| Cytoid | Resembling a cell
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| Cytology | Study of cells
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| Cytoplasm | Cell substance
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| Dysplasia | Abnormal development
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| Epithelial | Pertaining to epithelium
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| Erythrocyte | Red (blood) cell
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| Erythrocytosis | Increase in the number of red (blood) cells
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| Histology | Study of tissue
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| Hyperplasia | Excessive development (number of cells)
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| Hypoplasia | Incomplete development (of an organ or tissues)
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| Karyocyte | Cell with a nucleus
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| Karyoplasm | Substance of a nucleus
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| Leukocyte | White (blood) cell
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| Leukocytosis | Increase in the number of white (blood) cells
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| Lipoid | Resembling fat
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| Myopathy | Disease of the muscle
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| Neuroid | Resembling a nerve
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| Somatic | Pertaining to the body
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| Somatogenic | Originating in the body (organic as opposed to psychologic)
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| Somatopathy | Disease of the body
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| Somatoplasm | Body substance
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| Systemic | Pertaining to a (body) system (or the body as a whole)
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| Visceral | Pertaining to the internal organs
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| Cancerous | Pertaining to cancer
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| Carcinogen | Substance that causes cancer
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| Carcinogenic | Producing cancer
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| Cyanosis | Abnormal condition of blue (bluish discoloration of the skin caused by inadequate supply of oxygen in the blood)
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| Diagnosis | State of complete knowledge (identifying a disease)
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| Etiology | Study of causes (of disease)
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| Iatrogenic | Produced by a physician (the unexpected results from a treatment prescribed by a physician)
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| Iatrology | Study of medicine
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| Metastasis | Beyond control (spread of disease from one organ to another, as in the transfer of malignant tumors)
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| Neopathy | New disease
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| Oncogenic | Causing tumors
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| Oncologist | A physician who studies and treats tumors
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| Oncology | Study of tumors (a branch of medicine concerned with the study of malignant tumors)
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| Organic | Pertaining to an organ
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| Organoid | Resembling an organ
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| Pathogenic | Producing disease
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| Pathologist | A physician who studies diseases (examines biopsies and performs autopsies to determine the cause of disease or death)
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| Pathology | Study of disease (a branch of medicine dealing with the study of the causes of disease and death)
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| Prognosis | State of before knowledge (prediction of the outcome of disease)
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| Xanthochromic | Pertaining to yellow color
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| Xanthosis | Abnormal condition of yellow (discoloration)
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| Benign | Not malignant, nonrecurrent, favorable for recovery.
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| Carcinoma in situ | Cancer in the early stage before invading surrounding tissue
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| Chemotherapy | Treatment of cancer with drugs
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| Encapsulated | Enclosed in a capsule, as with benign tumors
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| Exacerbation | Increase in the severity of a disease or its symptoms
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| Idiopathic | Pertaining to disease of unknown origin
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| Inflammation | Response to injury or destruction of tissue characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain.
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| In vitro | Within a glass, observable within a test tube
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| In vivo | Within the living body
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| Malignant | Tending to become progressively worse and to cause death, as in cancer
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| Radiation Therapy | Treatment of cancer with a radioactive substance, x-ray, or radiation (also called radiation oncology and radiotherapy)
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| Remission | Improvement or absence of signs of disease
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