600 BCE to 600 CE
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| What is polytheism? | The belief in many gods. Most early civilizations were polytheistic.
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| What is animism? | Objects that can have spirits. Animism was mostly present in the Americas and Africa.
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| What is shamanism? | Shamen that go between the real and spirit world. Most present in the Americas and Central Asia.
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| How and where did Hinduism begin? | It began in India because of Aryan invaders. It is the oldest of the major religions.
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| What is dharma? | Rules of your caste.
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| What is karma? | What you do in this life will determine your caste in the next life.
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| What is reincarnation? | The cycle of life and death.
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| What is moksha? | The release from the cycle of life and death.
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| What keeps India together throughout the different empires? | Hinduism.
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| What are some examples of Hindu texts? | Rig Veda and Baghavad Gita.
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| What are some examples that showed India was a patriarchal society? | Sati (throwing oneself onto the burning corpse of her husband) and women could not achieve moksha.
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| Where and who founded Buddhism? | Buddhism is from India, founded by the Buddha, or Siddhartha Gautama.
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| Buddhism spawned from what religion? | Hinduism.
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| What are the Four Noble Truths? | Life is suffering; suffering is caused by attachment to material things and people; there is a way to end suffering; the way to end suffering is the Eightfold Path.
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| What do you have to do to follow the Eightfold Path? | Follow the right conduction and meditate.
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| What is Nirvana? | Peace/bliss.
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| Nirvana in Buddhism is comparable to what in Hinduism? | Moksha.
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| Why did Buddhism appeal to the poor? | Nirvana could be achieved in one lifetime, unlike Moksha.
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| Like Christianity, Buddhism offered what to both men and women? | A monastic life.
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| What are the three universal religions? | Buddhism, Christianity, and Islam.
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| What does it mean to be a universalizing religion? | They are easily adapted to other cultures.
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| What are the two types of Buddhism? | Theravada and Mahayana.
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| What is Theravada Buddhism? | The older version of Buddhism complete with monks and the lesser vehicle.
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| What is Mahayana Buddhism? | The newer version of Buddhism that included all people, called the greater vehicle.
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| Ashoka, emperor of India, spread what religion and kept it from dying out? | Buddhism.
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| What facilitated the spread of Buddhism to China, Korea, and Japan? | The Silk Roads.
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| Angkor Wat was influenced by what two religions? | Buddhism and Hinduism.
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| Where and when did Confucianism began? | Confucianism developed in China during the Warring State period.
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| What did Confucianism emphasize? | Education, respect, reciprocity, virtue, and order.
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| What does Filial piety mean? | Family respect.
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| What are the Five Relationships in Confucianism? | Ruler to ruled; father to son; husband to wide; older brother to younger brother; and older friend to younger friend.
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| The Civil Service Exam was based on what? | The Confucian Analects. (Book of dumb Confucian sayings)
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| What was the Civil Service Exam? | Government bureaucracy based on merit.
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| The Civil Service Exam allowed the possibility for what? | Social mobility.
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| During the Tang dynasty, what two religions combined to create Neo-Confucianism? | Confucianism and Buddhism.
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| In China, who founded Daoism? | Laozi
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| What did Daoism emphasize? | Harmony with nature.
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| In the Qin Dynasty, Shi Huangdi created what philosophy? | Legalism.
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| What was the first great monotheistic faith founded by Abraham in the Middle East? | Judaism.
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| What two religions were influenced by Judaism? | Christianity and Islam.
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| Why is Judaism not a universal religion? | It stays in one place.
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| What spread Christianity? | Jesus's disciple Paul, the Roman Roads, Roman dominance, trade, war, and migration.
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| What empire embraced Christianity? | The Roman Empire.
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| In 380 CE, who made Christianity the official religion of Rome? | Theodosius.
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| What are the three trade interactions of the Classical period? | The Silks Roads, Sea Roads, and the Sand Roads.
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| The Silk Roads facilitated the diffusion of what? | Disease, technology, beliefs, and ideas.
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| The Sea Roads linked what countries? | India, East Africa, Middle East, Southeast Asia, and China.
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| The Sand Roads connected Sub-Saharan Africa with? | North Africa and the Mediterranean.
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| Why was trade in the Americas limited and regional? | Different crops, different geography, and the only beast of burden they had was the llama.
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| Classical empires of China? | Qin/Han
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| Classical empires of India? | Mauryan/Gupta
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| Classical empires of Mediterranean? | Persia/Greece/Rome
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| Classical empire of the Americas? | Maya.
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| Why does this unit start at 600 BCE? | The rise of classical civilizations such as Rome, Han, and Gupta.
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| Why does this unit end at 600 CE? | The emergence of Islam.
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| What do we need to know about the first Chinese dynasty, the Zhou? | It was the longest lasting dynasty and they developed the mandate of Heaven.
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| What came after the Zhou dynasty? | The Warring States Period.
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| What came after the Warring States Period? | The Qin dynasty.
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| Who was known as the first emperor of China? | Shi Huangdi.
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| What did the Qin dynasty accomplish? | Legalism, standardized weights, measurements, currencies, laws, a written language, builds tomb guarded by the Terra Cotta warriors, and they started the Great Wall.
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| What dynasty was considered the Golden Age of China? | The Han.
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| What defines a Golden Age? | Peace, culture, art.
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| What dynasty established the Silk Road? | Han.
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| The Civil Service Exam began with what dynasty? | The Han.
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| What did the Han Dynasty accomplish? | Paper manufacture, sun dial, calendar, compass, rudder, seismograph, and water powered mills.
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| What was the first empire to unify the Indian subcontinent? | The Mauryan Empire.
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| The emperor of the Mauryan dynasty was? | Ashoka.
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| What made the Gupta Empire the Golden Age of India? | Number system, concept of zero, concept of pi, Sanskrit flourishes, predicted eclipses, inoculation, surgeries and bone setting.
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| Who started the Persian Empire? | Cyrus the Great.
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| What religion was practiced in Persia? | Zoroastrianism.
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| The leader of the Persian empire was known as the "____ __ _____". | King of Kings.
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| What was the Royal Road? | 1600 miles of roads in Persia.
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| What was the capital of Persia? | Persepolis.
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| Who fought in the Persian War besides the Persians? | The Greeks. (Athens/Sparta)
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| The Persian Empire eventually fell to whom? | Alexander the Great of Macedonia.
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| What made Greece unique? | Their geography. Their islands and mountains made them isolated.
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| Accomplishments of Athens? | Democracy, science, arts, philosophy, and architecture.
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| Accomplishments of Sparta? | Military.
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| Greek culture? | Olympics, mythology, epic poems of the Odyssey and the Iliad, drama and comedies, and philosophy.
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| List some Greek philosophers who taught each other (in order). | Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, Alexander the Great.
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| What was the Peloponnesian War? | Athens vs. Greece. Sparta won. This weakened Greece and it was taken over by Alexander the Great.
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| What is Hellenism? | The spread of Greek culture.
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| Alexander the Great's empire facilitated the spread of culture to where? | Greece, India, Persia, and Egypt.
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| What are Rome's greatest achievements? | Law and engineering.
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| The Roman Republic was made up of the Senate and had the ______ _____. | Twelve Tables.
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| The Patricians were the ____. | rich
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| The Plebeians were the _____. | poor
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| Who was the first emperor of the Roman Empire? | Julius Caesar.
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| Who was the second emperor of the Roman Empire? | Octavian Augustus
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| What is the Pax Romana? | Roman peace, Rome's golden age.
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| Examples of Roman technology? | The Coliseum, aqueducts, and the Roman Roads.
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| Which two societies heavily depended on slavery? | Greece and Rome.
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| Achievements of the Mayan Empire? | Writing system-glyphs, calendar, the concept of zero, astronomical observations, and the steppe pyramids of Tikal and Chichen Itza.
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| Where was Teotihuacan? | Mexico.
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| Why did Han China fall? | Land problems, corruption, Yellow Turban rebellion, disease, and conflict with the nomadic Xiongnu.
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| Why did Western Rome fall? (East survived as the Byzantine Empire) | Tax revolts, bad leaders, division of the empire, over expansion, decrease in trade, disease, and invasions from the Huns and Goths.
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| Why did the Gupta empire fall? | Invasion by the White Huns.
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