biology vocab.
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| cell membrane | The semipermeable membrane surrounding the cytoplasm of a cell.
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| cell wall | A rigid layer of polysaccharides lying outside the plasma membrane of the cells of plants, fungi, and bacteria.
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| chloroplasts | (in green plant cells) A plastid that contains chlorophyll and in which photosynthesis takes place.
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| chromosomes | 1.A threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes
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| cytoplasm | The material or protoplasm within a living cell, excluding the nucleus.
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| endoplasmic reticulum | 1.A network of membranous tubules within the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell, continuous with the nuclear membrane. It usually has ribosomes attached and is involved in protein and lipid synthesis
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| Golgi bodies | (golgi body) a netlike structure in the cytoplasm of animal cells (especially in those cells that produce secretions).
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| mitochondria | An organelle found in large numbers in most cells, in which the biochemical processes of respiration and energy production occur.
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| nucleus membrane | the double membrane surrounding the nucleus within a cell.
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| nuclear | The central and most important part of an object, movement, or group, forming the basis for its activity and growth.
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| ribosomes | A minute particle consisting of RNA and associated proteins, found in large numbers in the cytoplasm of living cells.
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| vacuole | 1.A space or vesicle within the cytoplasm of a cell, enclosed by a membrane and typically containing fluid.
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| prokaryote | 1.A microscopic single-celled organism, including the bacteria and cyanobacteria, that has neither a distinct nucleus with a membrane nor other specialized organelles
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| eukaryote | 1.An organism consisting of a cell or cells in which the genetic material is DNA in the form of chromosomes contained within a distinct nucleus. Eukaryotes include all living organisms other than the eubacteria and archaebacteria
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| mitosis | A type of cell division that results in two daughter cells each the same as the parent nucleus, typical of ordinary tissue growth.
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| meiosis | A type of cell division that results in two daughter cells each with half the chromosome number of the parent cell.
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| monomer | A molecule that can be bonded to other identical molecules to form a polymer.
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| polymer | A substance that has a molecular structure built up chiefly or completely from a large number of similar units bonded together.
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| carbohydrates | 1.Any of a large group of organic compounds occurring in foods and living tissues and including sugars, starch, and cellulose. They contain hydrogen and oxygen in the same ratio as water (2:1).
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| lipids | 1.Any of a class of organic compounds that are fatty acids or their derivatives and are insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents. They include many natural oils, waxes, and steroids.
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| proteins | 1.Any of a class of nitrogenous organic compounds that consist of large molecules composed of one or more long chains of amino acids and are an essential part of all living organisms, esp. as structural components of body tissues such as muscle, hair.
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| nucleic acids | A complex organic substance present in living cells, esp. DNA or RNA, whose molecules consist of many nucleotides linked in a long chain.
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