Recovered memories
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| Who came up with the notion of repression? | Sigmund FREUD
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| Freud said that traumatic events banished from conscious recall until a time when we are able to _____ with them. So some things happen to us that we just cant deal with at the time. Read through and write out the rest of this notion of repression! | cope
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| What is the problem with self-help books? | That people who had no memory of abuse, would try to dig deeper to find something was not quite right in their life. The messages written in the books were very suggestive, making you want to make a memory.
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| Suggestive "self-help" books talked about "symptoms" that could have if you had repressed abuse memory such as depressive symptoms, feeling anxious, being scared, having phobia, sex difficulties, sense fo failure or helplessness. What is wrong with these? | These "symptoms" are pretty much symptoms of being alive. They do not necessarily mean that you have been abused. Most people have these now and again.
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| List the types of dangerous therapy. And then write them out | People have A priori assumptions regarding abuse, Confirmation biases and specific hypothesis testing, Plausibility-enhancing "evidence" and adopting and confirming belief in abuse".
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| There are six questionable therapy techniques. What are they? (PHRAGD). Then google them | Past life analysis, hypnosis, rebirthing, age regression, guided imagery, dreamwork.
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| What is the idea with the "memory wars"? | That clinicians/therapists saying that people can bring memories back but researchers saying that there is no scientific proof.
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| Look at the three-pronged evidence approach. What do you need evidence for? (3 things). Write it out | That the abuse did take place, that it was forgotten and inaccessible for some time and that it was later remembered.
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| There are three main ways that people are trying to get evidence for recovered memory. What are these three types of studies? | Retrospective studies, Prospective studies and Case studies
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| What is a retrospective study? | This is looking back in time. Individuals are interviewed today and asked to look back to when they think they were abused, also asked about their memory continuity (if there was a time when you could not remember this abuse).
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| What is a prospective study? | This is looking forward in time. Individuals with a documented history of abuse. Interviewed many years later - so follow up later in life and ask them if they have been abused and if they say "no" then they have repressed their memory.
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| What are case studies in terms of recovered memory evidence? | Individual cases or groups of cases presented alongside interpretation of repression from therapist or researcher.
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| What is dodgy about the prospective study that found that 38% of them couldn't remember abuse when they looked at sample of 10month olds to 12 year olds. | Is a dodgy study because some of the abusive events occurred during a period characterised by 'childhood amnesia'. 2nd issue is maybe they didnt want to talk about it as too upsetting, not due to repression. Also they were not directly asked about abuse.
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| To date, there is good evidence to support the repression and recovery of traumatic memories. True or false? | False, there is no good evidence for this.
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| What are the 3 pieces of evidence for false memories? | 1. False memories for trauma (some recovered memories are not actually possible), Retractors and Laboratory research
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| There are four ways that recovered memories have been shown to be impossible. These include psychological, biological, geographical and factual reasons. Give the examples for each of these. | Psychological (childhood amnesia & memory development is not psychologically possible early on), biologically (woman's hymen is still intact), geographically (people who are in different places when event happened) and factually (no evidence for crimes)
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| What is the term "retractors" used to describe? | individuals that recovered memories of abuse with help from therapist etc and then realised its not true and then retract their allegations.
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| What are retractions primarily based on? | The qualities of the memories. Some people retracted because it seems too clear, real compared to other memories or not real enough.
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| Laboratory research has shown that a vast body of research has shown that memories for non-experienced events can be relatively easily i__________. | implanted
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