Anatomy
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| Contractility | The ability of skeletal muscle to shorten with force.
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| Excitability | The capacity of skeletal muscle to respond to a stimilus.
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| Extensibility | The ability to be strected.
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| Elasticity | The ability to recoil to their original resting length after they have been stretched.
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| Epimysium | A connective tissue sheath upon the skeletal.
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| Fascia | Connective tissue located outside the epimysium.
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| Muscle Fasciculi | Composed of numerous visible bundles.
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| Perimysium | Loose connective tissue.
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| Fibers | The fasciculi are composed single muscle cells.
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| Myofibrils | A threadlike structure tha extends from one end of the fiber to the other.
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| Four major functional Characteristics | contractility, excitability, extensibility, and elasticity.
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| Myofibers consist of 2 major kinds of protein fibers | actin myofilaments and myosin myofilaments
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| Actin myofilaments | thin myofilaments; resemble 2 minute strands of pearls twisted together.
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| Myosin myofilaments | thick myofilaments; resemble bundles of minute golf clubs
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| Sarcomeres | Actin and myosin myofilaments form highly ordered units
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| Sacomere | is the basic structural and functional unity of the muscle
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| Resting membrane potential | charge difference across the membrane
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| Action potential | brief reversal back of the charge
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| Motor neurons | nerve cells that carry action potentials to skeletal muscle fibers
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| Neuromusclular junction | branch that connects to the muscle near the center of the cells
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| Synapse | neuromusclular junction
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| Motor Unit | single motor neuron and all the skeletal muscle fibers it inntervates
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| Presynaptic terminal | enlarged nerve terminal
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| Synaptic cleft | the space between the presynaptic terminal and the muscle cell
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| Postsynaptic terminal | muscle fibers
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| Each presynaptic terminal contains | synaptic vesicles
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| neurotansmitter | acetylcholine
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| Muscle twitch | a contraction of an entire muscle in response to a stimulus that causes that action potential in one or more muscle fibers.
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| A muscle fiber will not respond to stimulus until that stimulus reaches this level | threshold
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| tetany | where the muscle remains contracted without relaxing
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| ATP | adenosine triphosphate
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| ADP | adenosine diphosphate
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| Isometric | equal distance; the length of muscle does not change
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| Isontonic | equal tension; the amount of tenison is constant during contraction
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| Fast-twitch fibers | contract and fatigue quickly
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| Slow-twitch fibers | contract more slowly and are more resistant to fatigue
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| Orgin | head of muscle
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| Insertion | undergoing the greatest movement
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| Belly | between the orgin and the insertion
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| How are muscles named? | location, size, orientation of fibers, shape, origin, insertion,and function
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| Synergists | work together to accomplish specific movements
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| Antagonists | muscles that work againist one another
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| Sternocleidomastoid | moving neck
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| Frontalis | raises the eyebrows
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| Orbicularis Oculi | closes the eyelid
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| Orbicularis Oris | puckers the lips
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| Buccinator | flattens the checks
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| zygomatious | smiling :)
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| Levator labii superioris | sneering
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| Depressor anguli oris | frowning :(
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| mastication | chewing
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| extrinsic tongue muscle | moves tongue
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| Intrinsic tongue muscle | changes shape
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| Erector spinae | muscles on each side of the back; responible for keeping straight and body erect
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| External intercostals | elevate the ribs during inspiration
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| Internal intercostals | contract during forced expiration
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| Diaphragm | quiet breathing
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| Trapezius | rotates scapula
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| Serratus anterior | pulls scapula anteriorly
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| Pectoralis major | adducts and flexes the arm
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| Latissimus dorsi | medially rotates, adducts, and powerfully extends the arm
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| Deltoid | attaches the humerus to the scapula and clavicle
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| Triceps brachii | extends forearm
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| Biceps brachii | flexes the forearm
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| Brachioradialis | flexes and supinates the forearm
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| Flextor carpi | flexes the wrist
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| Flexor digitorum | flexes the fingers
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| Extensor carpi | extends the wrist
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| Flexor digitorum | flexes the fingers
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| Extensor digitorum | extends the fingers
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| Glueteus maximus | buttocks
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| Gluteus medius | hip muscle
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| Quadriceps femoris | extends leg; thigh muscle
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| Satorius | flexes thigh
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| Hamstring | posterior thigh muscle; flexes the leg and extends the thigh
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| Gastrocenmius and soleus | form the calf muscle
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| Calcaneal tendon (Achilles tendon) | flexes the foot and toes
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