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Agrarian Terms, People, & Concepts (Miss Kenton-STHS)

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Term/Concept
Definition/Explanation
Subsistence Farming   self-sufficient farming in which farmers grow only enough food to feed the family, pay taxes or feudal dues  
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Enclosure Movement   the process of taking over & consolidating land (fences) formerly shared by peasant farmers  
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Fallow   land that is plowed and left unseeded for a season or more; uncultivated  
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Charles Townshend   used crop rotation and planted new crops, like turnips, to replenish the worn out soil  
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Jethro Tull   invented the seed drill to help farmers plant seeds in rows rather than scattering them wastefully over the land  
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Robert Bakewell   experimented with scientific breeding to produce animals that weighed more at an earlier age  
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Urbanization   movement of people from rural areas to cities  
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What was farming like in the Middle Ages?   most lived in villages as subsistence farmers on common lands leaving fields fallow; little experimentation/innovation  
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What were the reasons for the changes in farming?   more food was needed due to population growth & the French Blockade cutting off trade resulting in fewer foods/supplies causing prices to go up  
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What were the effects of the Agrarian Revolution?   efficient methods led to higher yields, better diets, healthier people with longer lifespans, easier farming methods, people replaced by machines & forced urbanization  
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