Lecture 9
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| Thorax | entire chest,protect aorgan in chest and upper abdomen,proved support for bones of upper limbs.bony cage flattened from front to back.formed by sternum,ribs,costal cartilages,bodies of thoracic vertebrae
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| sternum | breastbone,manubrium,xiphoid,sternal angle
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| manubrium | of sternum,upper portion,suprasternal jugular notch,clavicular notches,body
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| suprasternal jugular notch | depression in upper part of the manubrium, hole at base of neck
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| clavicular notches | lateral sides of manubrium,for articulation with the clavicle
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| body | middle and largest portion of sternum
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| xiphoid | inferior and smallest portion of sternum, process=mm attachement
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| sternal angle | sternum meets manubrium, formed by juction of the manubrium and body
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| ribs | 12 ribs, 1-7 true,8-12 false,11 and 12 floating
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| Ribs 1-7 | true ribs, direct anterior attachment to sternum
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| ribs 8-12 | false ribs, attaches indirectly to sternum or doesnt attach to sternum at all
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| ribs 11-12 | floating, ends of ribs do not attach to sternum
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| pectoralis major | pecs c lats important in pull up.synergistic with lats both add & IR arm. antagonistic lats ext/pecs flex arm.attach from trunk to arm.pec major has layers.makes up majority of ant axillary fold,shoulder flex up to 60 degrees.powerful horizontal add
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| pectoralis major layers | clavicular fibers are most superficial(anterior),sternal fibers are deep to clavicular fibers and costal and abdominal fibers attach more proximally on the humerus.
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| anterior axillary fold | pectoralis major, tissue which borders the armpit anteriorly
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| pectoralis major clavicular HeadOIAN | O=medial clavicle,I=lateral lip of bicipital groove.A=add,IR,Horizontal Add and flex of arm,depress and protract scap.N=med and lat pectoral nn
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| pectoralis minor | contract it pulls on coracoid process pulling scap into lateral tilt,tight pecs minor contribute to rounded shoulders.accessory mm of inspiration
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| lateral tilt | when scapula lateral border pulled in toward the lateral body wall and medial border moves away from posterior body wall,pec minor pulling on coracoid process of scapula
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| rounded shoulders | common postural condition in which the scapulae are protracted and depressed and the humeri are medially rotated.pec minors action of protraction and depression, tight pec minors
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| pec minor accessory mm of inspiration | elevates ribs 3-5, expanding rib cage during inspiration
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| pectoralis minor OIAN | O= anterior borders of ribs 3-5.I=coracoid process of scap.A=protracts,depress and downwardly rotate scap,rev mm action=elevation of ribs 3-5.N=medial pectoral nn
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| subclavius | if clavicle fixed to scap subclavius depress scap at scapulocostal jt.main funct fixator of clavicle during arm/shoulder movements.common entrapment site for nn of brachial plexus & subclavian artery=costoclavicular syndrom.intercostal mm during inspir.
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| subclavius OIAN | O=1st rib.I=inferior surface of clavicle.A=depress clavicle and elevate 1st rib.N=nn from brachial plexus
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| external intercostals | same direction as exteranl obliques.appear to be extension of external obliques.inspiration=expand.address in client with respiratory condition=asthma,emphysema.
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| external intercostals OIAN | O=inferior borders of ribs 1-11.I=superior border of rib below.A=inspiration,elevate ribs 2-12.N=intercostal nn
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| internal intercostals | same direction as the internal abdominal obliques.thinner than external intercostals,expiration
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| innermost intercostals | deep to internal intercostals
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| internal intercostals OIAN | O=superior border of rib below.I=inferor border of rib above.A=expiration, depresses ribs 1-11.N=intercostal nn. rib 12 doesnt move
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| transversus thoracis | superior fibers run vertically, inferior fibers run horizontally.internally within thoracic cavity,respiratory mm=expiration
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| transversus thoracis OIAN | O=internal surfaces of sternum,xiphoid and adjacent costal cartilage.I=internal surfaces of costal cartilage 2-6.A=depress ribs 2-6.N=intercostal nn
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| diaphragm | separates thoracic and abdominal cavities.number of openings to allow passage of structures.(esophagus,aorta,inferior vena cava),must contract for quiet relaxed inspiration.conscious and unconscious.phrenic nn.C345 keeps diaphragm alive.
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| hiatal hernia | part of the stomach herniates thru the diaphragm into the thoracic cavity.
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| diaphragm OIAN | O=internal surfaces of ribcage,sternum and spine.I=central tendon of diaphragm,A=increases volume of thoracic cavity during inspiration.N=phrenic nerve
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| muscles of the anterior abdominal wall | rectus abdominus,external/internal obliques,transversus abdominus,all 4 mm compress the abdominal contents.all except tranversus can flex the trunk. external obliqu of one side synergistic with internal oblique of opposite side with trunk rotation.
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| rectus abdominus | anteromedially,three fibrous bands=tendinous inscriptions transect rectus abs and divide into 4 sections.eight pack mm.two rectus sheaths encase it and meet at linea alba.
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| linea alba | midline of rectus abdominus where two rectus sheaths meet.
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| rectus abdominus OIAN | O=pubis,I=xiphoid and cartilages of ribs 5-7.A=bilat flex trunk,post tilt,compress abdominal contents.unilat lateral flex trunk.N=intercostal nn,iliohypogastric,ilioinguinal nn
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| external oblique | lateral to rectus abdominus.most powerful of 3 layers of anterolateral abdominal wall. most superficial.fiber direction=hand in coat pocket
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| abdominal mm superficial to deep | E-I-T
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| external oblique OIAN | O=anterior iliac crest,pubic bone,inguinal ligament,abdominal aponeurosis.I=lower 8 ribs.A=bilat trunk flex,post tilt,compress ab contents.unilat lateral trunk flex,contralateral trunk rotation and elevate pelvis.N=intercostal,iliohypogastric,ilioinguinal
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| internal oblique | fiber direction=hands in back pockets.ipsilateral trunk rotator and antagonistic to its external oblique partner on the same side.
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| internal oblique OIAN | O=pubic bone,inguinal lig,iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia.I=lower 3 ribs,abdominal aponeurosis.A=bilat flex trunk,post tilt,compress ab content.unilat lateral trunk flexion,ipsilateral rot and elevation of pelvis.N=intercostal,ilihypogastric,iliinguinal
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| transversus abdominis | only ab mm that cannot act as a mover of skeletal action.primarily compresses abdominal contents.upper fibers contiguous with diaphragm and transversus thoracis,corset mm.
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| transversus abdominis OIAN | O=pubic bone,inguinal lig,iliac crest,thoracolumbar fascia,lower costal cartilage.I=abdominal aponeurosis.A=compress ab contents.N=intercostal, iliohypogastric,ilioinguinal nn
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| pectoralis major sternal head OIAN | sternum and upper costal cartilage.I=lateral lip of bicipital groove.A=add,IR,horizontal add or arm.depress and protracts scapN=med and lat pec nn
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