Microbiology
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| Aminoglycosides | misreading of codons--incorrect amino acids are added
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| Ampicillin | broad range of derivative of penicillin--modification allows it to penetrate outer memgrane of gram-negative bacteria and kill them
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| Antibiotic susceptibility | test for by pure cultures to identify organisms--organism many known resistances to ABT--sensitive txs possible--ABTs placed on paper disk then petri dish--ABT difuses into surrounding agar--sensitive organisms near disk are killed or growth prohibited
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| Antibiotics | chemical agents that fits need to kill or inhibit microbes without harming patient--antilige compounds
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| B-lactam | four ring structure contained by penicillins--crucial to activity
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| Broad-spectrum antibiotics | can inhibit most all organisms--
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| Chemotherapuetic agents | associated with agents used for tx of cancer
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| Chloramphenicol | antibacterials with peptide bond formation
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| Ciprofloxacin | polymixin--tolerated quite will internally--used extensively
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| Erythromycin | antibacterial--movement of peptidyl-tRNA to allow addition of more amino acids
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| Kirby-Bauer test | determines--drugs for which given microbe is sensitive--concentration level at which drug is effective
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| Minium effective therapeutic dose | patient-effective concentration of antibiotic
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| Minimum inhibitory concentration | MIC--most dilute concentration that inhibits bacterial growth
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| Narrow spectrum | ABTs--penicillin--inhibit only gram-positive bacteria
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| Polymyxin | antibacterial--only one able to kill nongrowing cells
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| Quinolines | ABTs that act against bacterial DNA synthesis
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| Rifampin | ABTs that inhibit bacterial RNA synthesis
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| Selection | after mutation occurs--penicillin in environment causes all but mutant to be killed--only mutant grows--mutants are selected out of the total population
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| Selective toxicity | drugs that exhibit complete or 100% lethality to microbes with zero effect on patient
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| Selectivity | penicillin-based ABTs initially known as magic bullets or miracle cures--kill microbes without killing patient
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| Sulfa | drugs that inhibit synthesis of vitamin folic acid from para-aminobenzoic acid--high selective toxicity for bacteria as well as some fungi/parasites
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| Tetracyclines | antibacterials that are tRNA binding
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| Therapeutic index | divide lowest toxic dose of ABT by minimum effective therapeutic dose--tells range of dosage that can be used in the human body
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| Tube dilution test | ABT is serially diluted (usually by twofold increments) in several tubes of bacteria--determin how little ABT is required to stop bacterial growth
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| Zone of inhibition | area of dead/inhibited organisms and measured width is measure of ABT potency
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Created by:
heatherlvn
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