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Microbiology

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Question
Answer
Competent bacteria   oly bacterial species that are competent can perform transformation--have special transport proteins in their membranes  
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Conjugation   direct transfer of DNA from one bacterium to another  
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F- cells   lack the F-factor  
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F+ cells   cells carrying any F-factor--male cells--only mate with F- cells  
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F-factor   on bacterium, the donor, contains plasmid--fertility factor--codes for pilus and other genes needed for DNA copy and transfer  
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Generalized transduction   phages that can transfer any gene from donor bacterium  
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High frequency of recombination   Hfr--F-factor integrates (inserts itself) into donor bacterial chromosome  
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pilus tip   an attachment site or ligand for specific receptors on other bacteria that lack the F-factor  
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Specialized transduction   phages that pick up just one area of donor bacterial chromosome--can transduce a limited number of bacterial genes  
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Transducing particles   contains bacterial DNA (host DNA) rather than phage DNA--when infects another bacterium--no bacteriophage grows--phage's genes missing--transfer bacterial DNA from previous host to new cell--new DNA recombines to new cells chromosome  
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Transduction   phage (bacterial virus) carries gene from one bacterium to another  
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Transformation   transform the bacteria to a different genotype--able to transport DNA from the medium into their cytoplasm  
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