Microbiology
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each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| Base pair | A and T and C and G align with each other on opposite strands of the double-stranded DNA
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| Bidirectional gene therapy | (blank)
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| Chromosome | very large circular molecule of several million base pairs of DNA
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| Complementary | DNA has nucleotides on one strand that match up with specific nucleotides on the other strand--provided that A & T always base pair and C&G always base pair
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| Diploid | eukaryotes--have 2 copies of each chromosome
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| DNase | enzyme that degrades DNA
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| Genetic engineering | overall processes of changing the normal genetic character of an individual or providing new gene products
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| Genetics | study of the heredity (how genes are passed from one generation to the next), variation, and expression of genes
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| Genome | collection of all genes in a cell
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| Haploid | prokaryotes--contain one copy of each chromosome
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| Heredity | how genes are passed from one generation to the next
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| Mutant | strain a gene required to produce the capsule was defective
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| Origin of replication | direct site of each chromosome that signals the enzymes the proper location to begin replication
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| Proofread | polymerase checks newly added nucleotides--is A opposite a T in the template--G opposite C--if base pair not proper--polymerase removes it and tries again to add the correct one
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| Protease | (proteinase) enzyme that degrades protein, and RNase degrades RNA
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| Proteinase | (protease) enzyme that degrades protein, and RNase degrades RNA
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| Recombinant DNA technology | series of tools, enzymes, and bacterial hosts--allow researchers to isolate and identify the mutant adenine deaminase (ADA) gene
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| Replication | enzymatic process of making another copy, or dublicate
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| RNase | degrades RNA
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| Transfection | when virus carries foreign DNA--term transfect is used in place of infect
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| Transforming principle | Griffith showed genes can functionally affect character of cells--genes can be transferred from one cell to another
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| viral vectors | delivery system called a vector--most widely used vectors for gene therapy are viruses
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| Wild-type bacterium | bacterium lacking mutations--had a capsule
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