Microbiology
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| If one bacterium goes through four generations, how many bacteria will result? | 4 generations of a bacterium will produce 16 bacteria
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| How long will it require 10 bacteria to grow into more than one hundred bacteria if the doubling time is 30 minutes? | 2 hours
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| what does exponential growth mean? | in every generation(growth cycle) twice as many cells are formed--in contrast to adding one individual each generation
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| Explain what bacteria are doing in each of the 4 phases | lag phase--cells adapt to nutrients--prepare for cell division--log phase--cells double at regular intervals--stationary phase--cell #'s maintained-do not grow due to nutrient depletion--decline phase--cells begin to die--lack of energy and nutrients
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| Define autolysis. Why may a bacterium autolyse? | autolyse is breakdown of organism because of its own purpose and mechanism--bacteria autolyse in order to spread/enhance growth of survivors
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| How can the number of viable cells in a culture be determined? | viable cells are determined by performing dilutions at each time point--spread aliquotes on petri dishes--count number of colonies that grow
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| What is the meaning of CFU? | Colony forming unit--each viable cell that can grow into a colony on a petri plate is a CFU
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| What information does a turbidimetric assay yeild? | how many bacterial cells, living/dead--present by use of spectrophotometer--# differs from CFU #s--CFU #s only reflect viable cells
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| Anabolism | use of energy and building blocks to make new cellular materials
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| Catabolism | breakdown of complex materials that cells use for making more cells
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| Metabolism | all the chemical processes occurring in a cell
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| Enzymes | protein catalysts that cells use to convert some molecules into others
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| some enzymatic reactions are controlled by negative feedback. What happens when the product of a given reaction becomes high in concentration? | when the cell in in an environment with ample amina acids--cell gets signal to save energy and not make its own amino acid
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| What is activation energy? | the amount of heat necessary to cause a chemical reaction--enzymes can dramatically reduce activation energy
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| List the 3 major pathways of catabolism in organisms | glycolysis, Krebs cycle, and electron transport
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| Name the starting compound of glycolysis. | glucose
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| How many ATPs are produced by the following processes: A) glycolysis B) TCE cycle/electron transport | glycolysis produces 2 ATPs--TCA cycle/electron transport produces 30 ATPs
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| Name the final electron acceptor in aerobic respiration | oxygen
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| Name 2 possible final electron acceptors in anaerobic respiration | nitrate and sulfate
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| List six commercially valuable products produced by fermentation | cheese, yogurt, vinegar, acetone, butyl alcohol, and beer and wine
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| Name 2 types of macromolecules for which building blocks, or precursor molecules, are required | DNA, RNA, and amino acids
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Created by:
heatherlvn
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