Test 1
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
|
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Focal Point | focuses light rays at a specific place
🗑
|
||||
| Focal length | distance between center of lens and focal point
🗑
|
||||
| Strength of lens | related to focal length
🗑
|
||||
| Refraction | light bends when passing from one medium to another
🗑
|
||||
| Refractive index | measure of light bending ability
🗑
|
||||
| Purpose of Immersion oil | same refractive index as glass so ligth will not bend any further.
🗑
|
||||
| white light | long wave length & cannot resolve structures less than 0.2 um
🗑
|
||||
| Numerical aperture | function of the diameter of the objective lens in relation to its focal length
🗑
|
||||
| Light Microscope | uses visible light to observe specimen; 2 lenses
🗑
|
||||
| Bright Field | 2 lens, specimen is dark ; bright background; best for non viable stained preps
🗑
|
||||
| Darkfield | best for living organisms; condenser blocks light from directly entering the objective lens
🗑
|
||||
| Phase-Contrast | no staining required, study living organisms. Dark against light backgrounnd
🗑
|
||||
| Fluorescence | use fluorochromes dyes. UV rays. Best for ABs.
🗑
|
||||
| Electron | best for objects smaller than 0.2um like viruses and cell structures
🗑
|
||||
| types of electron microscope | Transition and Scannin
🗑
|
||||
| TEM | uses transmitted electrons to produce an image; light passes through specimen. can be viewed through an eyepiece
🗑
|
||||
| SEM | only able to see the surface, uses elcetrons reflected from the surface of a specimen to creat image. can only be viewed through a viewing screen
🗑
|
||||
| Smear | dried preparation of bacterial cells on a glass slide
🗑
|
||||
| Heat Fixation | smear is fixed on slide to prevent washin away. coagulates bacterial protein, kills microbes
🗑
|
||||
| Stain (chemical) | organic compound containing a benzene ring + a chromophore(color) and auxochrome(charge) group
🗑
|
||||
| basic dye | positive ions
🗑
|
||||
| acidic dye | negative ions
🗑
|
||||
| types of basic dyes | crystal violet, methylene blue, malachite green,safranin
🗑
|
||||
| types of acidic dyes | acid fuchsin, eosin, nigrosin
🗑
|
||||
| Negative staining | used to observe the overall shape size and capsules
🗑
|
||||
| types of staining | simple, differential, special
🗑
|
||||
| Simple staining | using 1 dye
🗑
|
||||
| differential staining | at least 3 chemical reagents
🗑
|
||||
| Mordant | helps a dye bond more w/ the surface of the cell
🗑
|
||||
| Differential staining steps | Primary stain, decolorizing agent, counterstain
🗑
|
||||
| Primary stain | stains entire cell
🗑
|
||||
| Decolorizer | removes primary stain from certain parts of cells
🗑
|
||||
| counterstain | contrasting color
🗑
|
||||
| Hans Christian Gram | developed differential staining procedure
🗑
|
||||
| gram staining | classifies bacteria into 2 groups
🗑
|
||||
| gram staining procedure | primary stain(crystal violet), apply iodine, apply alcohol(most important), counterstain(safranin)
🗑
|
||||
| gram positive bacterial wall | thicker layer of peptidoglycan
🗑
|
||||
| gram negative bacterial wall | thinner layer of peptidoglycan + layer of LPS as part of cell. remain colorless until counterstained
🗑
|
||||
| Beta Lactams | more active against gram positive bacteria and less against gram negative as they can't penetrate LPS
🗑
|
||||
| Acid-Fast Staining uses | used to distinguish Mycobacterium and Nocardia
🗑
|
||||
| Acid-fast stain | binds strongly to a waxy material in cell wall
🗑
|
||||
| Acid-Fast staining procedure | carbol fuchsin, wash with acid alcohol, counterstain with methylene blue
🗑
|
||||
| Special Stains | used to color specific parts of microorganisms
🗑
|
||||
| Special staining uses | highlights endospores, flagella, capsules
🗑
|
||||
| Endopore Staining | malachite green, wash, counterstain with safranin
🗑
|
||||
| Capsule staining | India Ink or nigrosin is used to stain background dark then perform simple stain
🗑
|
||||
| Flagella Staining | mordant is used to build up diameter then stain with carbol fuchsin it becomes visible under the light microscope
🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Created by:
nani012506
Popular Science sets