Med Term Fall2013
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| bacillus | bacteria that are rod-shaped
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| coccus | bacteria that are round in shape
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| dipl/o | pairs; bacteria that grow in pairs
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| staphyl/o | bunches, like grapes; bacteria that grow in clusters
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| strepto/o | twisted; bacteria that grow in twisted chains
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| alb | white
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| chlor/o | green
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| chrom/o | color
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| cirrh/o | orange-yellow
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| cyan/o | blue
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| erythr/o | red
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| leuk/o | white
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| lutein/o | saffron yellow
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| melan/o | black
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| poli/o | gray
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| rhod/o | red
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| rubi/o | reddish,redness
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| xanth/o | yellowish
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| a, an | without,not
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| acro | extremeties; top or extreme point
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| aero | air
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| aniso | unequal
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| brady | slow
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| de | take away; remove
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| dia | through (as in running through)
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| dif, dis | apart, free from, separate
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| dys | bad, painful, difficult
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| ec, ecto | out, outside, outer
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| emia | blood: condition of
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| end, endo | within, inner
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| eu | good, easy
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| extra | outside, beyond
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| hemi | one side, half
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| hemo | blood
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| hetero | different
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| homo | same, resembling each other
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| hydro | water
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| hyper | above normal, excessive, beyond
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| hypo | under, below normal
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| in | in, into, not
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| iso | equal, same
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| lip | fat
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| mal | bad, poor
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| mega | large, great
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| megalo | large (enlarged)
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| meno | menses (menstruation)
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| noct | night
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| nyct | night
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| pan | all, every
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| para | beside, beyond, accessory to
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| per | through
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| peri | around
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| poly | many, much
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| post | following, after
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| pre | before
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| pro | preceding, coming before
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| pyo | pus
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| re | put back
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| super | above, beyond
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| supra | above, beyond
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| syn | going together, united
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| tachy | fast
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| nasal cavity | nose, nares, cavity separated by septum
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| pharynx | throat, cavity behind the nasal cavities and mouth
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| larynx | voice organ, containing the vocal cords
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| trachea | windpipe
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| lung | two cone-shaped spongy organs consisting of alveoli, blood vessels, nerves and elastic tissue. Each is enveloped in a double-folded membrane called the pleura
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| parietal pleura | the serous membrane that lines the thoracic (chest) cavity
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| visceral pleura | membrane that covers the lungs. This membrane and the parietal membrane are close together. Between them is a thin film of lubricating fluid that prevents friction when they slide against each other.
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| bronchus | one of the larger passages conveying air to (right or left principal lobe) and within the lungs
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| bronchioles | one of the subdivisions of the branched bronchial tree
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| alveolus | a small saclike dilation (outpocketing) of the alveolar ducts
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| diaphragm | muscular partition that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity and aids in the process of breathing
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| abscess (lung) | a localized collection of pus in a cavity formed by the disintegration of tissues
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| anthracosis | accumulation of carbon deposits in the lung due to breathing smoke or coal dust, also known as black lung disease
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| ARDS | adult (acute) respiratory distress syndrome
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| asbestosis | lung disease caused by inhaling asbestos particles. Associated with development of mesothelioma, a type of lung cancer
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| asphyxiation | suffocation
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| asthma | spasm and narrowing of bronchi, leading the bronchial airway obstruction
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| atelectasis | incomplete expansion of the lungs at birth, or collapse of the adult lung
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| bradypnea | abnormally slow breathing
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| bronchiectasis | chronic dilation of one or more bronchi
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| bronchitis | inflammation of one or more bronchi
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| byssinosis | lung disease resulting from inhaling cotton, flax, or hemp, also known as brown lung disease
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| carcinoma | a malignant new growth made up of epithelial cells tending to infiltrate surrounding tissues and to give rise to metastases
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| coccidioidomycosis | a respiratory infection caused by spore inhalation of Coccidiodes immitis, varying in severity from that of a common cold to symptoms resembling those of influenza; also called valley fever
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| COPD | chronic obstructive pulmonary (lung) disease, especially emphysema, chronic bronchitis, and asthma
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| cor pulmonale | heart failure from pulmonary disease
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| coryza | profuse discharge from the mucous membrane of the nose; the common cold
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| cough | a forceful expiration preceded by a preliminary inhalation. Usually caused by irritation of the airways from dust, smoke, infection, or mucus. Can be described as croupy, rasping, harsh, hollow, loose, dry, productive, brassy, bubbly or wracking.
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| cystic fibrosis | generalized hereditary disorder of infants, children and young adults associated with malfunctioning of the pancreas and frequent respiratory infections
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| deviated septum | defect in the wall between the nostrils that can cause partial or complete obstruction
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| diphtheria | an acute bacteral infection primarily affecting the membranes of the nose, throat, or larynx accompanied by fever and pain
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| effusion | escape of fluid; exudation or transudation
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| emphysema | a pathologic accumulation of air in tissues or organs
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| epistaxis | hemorrhage from the nose; nosebleed
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| expectoration | the act of spitting out saliva or coughing up material from the lungs
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| fibrosis | formation of fibrous or scar tissue (in lungs) usually caused by previous infection
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| flail chest | chest wall moves paradoxically with respiration, owing to multiple fractures of the ribs
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| "flu" | popular name for influenza
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| hay fever | a hypersenstive state, e.g., allergy to pollen
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| hemothorax | blood in the pleural thoracic cavity
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| hiatal hernia | protrustion of part of the stomach into the chest through the esophageal hiatus defect of the diaphragm
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| hiccup | sharp respiratory sound with spasm of the glottis and diaphragm
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| histoplasmosis | fungal infection of lungs, may be symptomatic or asymptomatic, resembling TB
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| hyaline | glossy, translucent
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| hyaline membrane disease | lack of surfactant due to a layer of hyaline material lining the alveoli, alveolar ducts, and bronchioles. Leading cause of neonatal deaths.
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| influenza | an acute viral infectino of the respiratory tract; serious for the very young and old
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| laryngitis | inflammation of the larynx
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| laryngotracheo-bronchitis | inflammation of the larynx, trachea, and bronchi
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| lung abscess | pus formed by the destruction of lung tissue and microorganisms by white blood cells that have gone to a localized area to fight infection
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| pertussis | acute upper respiratory infectious disease caused by bacterium Bordetella pertusis. Commonly called whooping cough.
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| pharyngitis | inflammation of the pharnyx
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| pleural effusion | accumulation of fluid in the pleural space, which compresses the underlying portion of the lung, resulting in dyspnea
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| pleurisy | inflammation of the pleura
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| pneumoconiosis | any lung disease, e.g., anthracosis, silicosis, caused by permanent deposition of substantial amounts of particulate matter in the lungs
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| pneumothorax | a collection of gas or air in the pleural cavity, resulting from a perforation through the chest wall or the visceral pleura
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| rhinitis rhinorrhea | inflammation of the nasal membrane; "runny nose"
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| SIDS | sudden infant death syndrome, or crib death' cause unknown. Associated failure of synapse of nerves to activate the diaphragm
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| sinusitis | inflammation of sinus
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| sneeze | spasmodic contraction of muscles causing air to be expelled forcefully through the nose and mouth
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| streptococcal throat | sore throat caused by the spore bactera Streptococcus
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| tonsillitis | inflammation of the tonsils, especially the palatine tonsils
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| tuberculosis (TB) | an infectious disease, marked by tubercles and caseous necrosis in tissues of the lung
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| URI | upper respiratory infection, general term for colds or "flu"
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| wheezing | a high-pitched, whistling sound from air movement through narrowed bronchioles during exhalation; symptom of asthma and COPD
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| whooping cough | a respiratory infection caused by Bordetella pertusis, marked by peculiar paroxysms of cough, ending in a prolonged crowing or whooping respiration
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| aerosol | a medication that can be sprayed from a contained to relieve bronchial distress, especially asthma
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| anoxia | without oxygen
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| apnea | temporary cessation of breathing; asphyxia
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| bifurcation | a division into two branches, e.g., bronchi
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| blood gases | oxygen, carbon dioxide, and other gases in the blood
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| bronchodilator | an agent capable of dilating the bronchi
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| bronchoscope | an instrument for inspecting the bronchi
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| bronchoscopy | lung examination using a bronchoscope
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| bronchospasm | spasmodic contraction of bronchi muscles, as in asthma
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| Cheyne-Stokes | breathing characterized by waxing and waning of the depth of respiration: the patient breathes deeply a short time and then breathes slightly or stops altogeher. The cycle repeats.
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| CO2 | carbon dioxide; an odorless, colorless gas resulting from oxidation of carbon, formed in the tissues and eliminated by the lungs
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| consolidation | solidification of lung tissue, as in pneumonia
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| CPR | cardiopulmonary resuscitation; artificial means of providing circulation and breathing during cardiac and respiratory arrest
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| cyanosis | a bluish dicoloration of skin and mucous membranes caused by insufficient oxygen in the blood
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| dysphnia | voice impairment; difficulty in speaking
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| dyspnea | labored or difficult breathing
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| endotracheal (ET) tube | an airway catheter inserted in the trachea during surgery and for a temporary airway in emergency situations (ET phone home)
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| expectorant | an agent that promotes expectoration (loosening of secretions)
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| hemoptysis | the spitting of blood or of blood-stained sputum (from the lungs)
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| hiatus | a gap (opening), especially in the diaphragm
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| hilus | part of lung where vessels, nerves, and bronchi enter
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| hypercapnia | an excess of carbon dioxide in the blood
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| hyperventiliation | increased rate and/or depth of respiration, e.g., from anxiety
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| hyposensitization | the process of rendering hyposensitive, e.g., exposing a patient to an offending substances to reduce his or her sensitivity to the substances
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| hypoxia | insufficient oxygen
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| IPPB | intermittent positive pressure breathing, used as treatment with ventilation
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| Kussmaul breathing | gasping, labored breathing, also called air hunger
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| laryngectomy | excision of the larynx
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| laryngoscopy | visual examination of the interior larynx with an instrument called a laryngoscope
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| lavage of sinuses | the irrigation or washing out of sinuses
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| lobectomy | excision of a lobe of the lung
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| Mantoux (test) | TB skin test
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| O2 (Oxygen) | constitutes about 20% of atmospheric air; inhaled and carried in the blood
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| orthopnea | difficult breathing, except in the upright position
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| oximetry | measurement of the oxygen saturation of arterial blood
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| palpation | application of hands and fingers to external surfaces to detect abnormalities
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| parenchyma (lung) | the essential elements or "working parts" of an organ, e.g.,alveoli in the lung
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| peak expiratory flow rate | measurement of how fast a person can exhale using a small handheld device to monitor treatment in asthma or COPD
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| percussion and auscultation (P&A) | striking the body (e.g. chest) with short, sharp blows of the fingers, and listening through a stethoscope for the sounds produced. Technique used by practitioners
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| perfusion | the passage of a fluid through the vessels of a specific organ to supply nutrients and oxygen
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| pneumothorax | air or gas in the pleural space; from trauma or from deliberate introduction; may be spontaneous
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| postural drainage | drainage by placing the patient's head downward so that the trachea will be inclined below the affected area and the secretions mobilized
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| PPD | purified protein derivative (TB test)
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| productive cough | cough with spitting of material from the bronchi
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| pulmonary function | tests to assess ventilatory status
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| rales, rhonchi | an abnormal respiratory sound heard on auscultation, indicating some pathologic condition
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| rarefaction | condition of being less dense, e.g., decreased density in x-ray films
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| residual air | air remaining or left behind after expiration
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| respirator (ventilator) | a device for giving artificial respiration or to assist in pulmonary ventilation
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| rhinoplasty | plastic surgery of the nose
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| scan (lung, pleura) | an image or a picture produced using radioactive isotopes, e.g., B-mode ultrasonography
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| SMR | submucous resection, excision of a portion of the submucous membrane of the nose to correct a defect
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| SOB | shortness of breath
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| spirometer (spirometry) | an instrument for measuring air taken into and expelled from the lungs; spirometry is the measurement of lung capacity
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| sputum | matter ejected from the trachea, bronchi, and lungs through the mouth
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| tachypnea | very rapid respiration
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| thoracentesis | surgical puncture of the chest wall into the parietal cavity to remove fluid
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| tine test | TB test
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| tracheostomy | creation of an opening into the trachea through the neck, e.g., insertion of a tube to facilitate ventiliation
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| tracheotomy | incision of the trachea through the skin and muscles of the neck
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| ventilator | an apparatus to assist in pulmonary ventilation
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| vital capacity | amount of air that can be expelled from the lungs after deep inspiration (pulmonary function test)
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| wheeze | breathing with a raspy or whistling sound. Common symptom of asthma
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| x-ray examination | visual record made using x-rays, for diagnostic examination of the chest; may be AP (anteroposterior) or Lat (side) views
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Created by:
tschrec
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