chapter 2-5 EXPLORING MEDICAL LANGUAGE
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| specifies the body part to which the term refers (O OR I is used in combining forms) | ROOTS/COMBINING FORMS
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| appear at the beginning of a word and tell the how,why,where,when,how much,how many,position,direction, time or statues | PREFIXES
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| always at the end of a word usually indicates a procedure used to diagnose or fix it. | SUFFIX
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| through, complete | dia-
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| painful,abnormal,difficult,labored | dys-
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| above, excessive | hyper-
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| below,incomplete | hypo-
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| after,beyond,change | meta-
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| new | neo-
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| before | pro-
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| cancer(disease characterized by the unregulated abnormal growth of new cells) | cancer/0, carcin/o
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| cause(of disease) | eti/o
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| knowledge | gno/0
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| physician,medicine (also means treatment) | iatr/o
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| smooth | lei/o
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| tumor,mass | onc/o
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| disease | path/o
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| rod-shaped,striated | rhabd/o
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| body | somat/o
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| gland | aden/o
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| cell | cyt/o
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| epithelium | epitheli/o
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| fiber | fibr/o
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| tissue | hist/o
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| nucleus | kary/o
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| fat | lip/o
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| muscle | my/o
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| nerve | neur/o
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| organ | organ/o
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| flesh,connective tissue | sarc/o
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| system | system/o
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| internal organs | viscer/o
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| green | chlor/o
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| color | chrom/o
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| blue | cyan/o
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| red | erythr/o
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| white | leuk/o
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| black | melan/o
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| yellow | xanth/o
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| pertaing to | -al,-ic, -ous
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| cell | cyte (note:the combing term for cell is -cyt/o;the suffix for cell is -cyte, ending in an E
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| substance or agent that produces or causes | -gen
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| producing,origination,causing | -genic
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| one who studies and treats(specialist,physician) | -logist
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| study of | -logy
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| resembling | -oid
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| tumor,swelling | -oma
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| abnormal condition(means increase(+)when used with blood cell word roots) | -osis
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| disease | -pathy
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| condition of formation development,growth | -plasia
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| growth,substance,formation | -plasm
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| malignant tumor | -sarcoma
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| state of | -sis
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| control,stop,standing |
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| RBC | red blood cells (erythrocyte)
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| WBC | white blood cells (leukocyte)
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| XRT | radiation therapy
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| PX | prognosis
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| CA | carcinoma
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| CHEMO | chemical therapy
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| DX | diagnosis
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| METS | metastasis
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| benign (be-NIN) | not malignant,non recurrent
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| carcinoma in situ (kar-si-NO-ma)(in SI-too) | cancer in the early stages before invading surrounding tissue
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| chemotherapy (chemo) | treatment of cancer
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| front | anter/o
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| tail(downward) | caud/o
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| head(upward) | cephal/o
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| away(from the point of attachment of a body part) | dist/o
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| back | dors/o
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| below | infer/o
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| side | later/o
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| middle | medi/o
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| back,behind | poster/o
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| near(the point of attachment of a body part) | proxim/o
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| above | super/o
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| belly(front) | ventr/o
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| bi- (prefix) | two
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| uni-(prefix) | one
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| ad-(suffix) | toward
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| ior-(suffix) | pertaining to
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| toward the tail (down) | cau-dad
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| toward the head (up) | ceph-a-lad
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| pertaning to a side | (lat) Lat-er-al
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| pertaining to the middle | medial (MED)
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| pertaining to one side (only) | unilateral
u-ni-LAT-er-al
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| pertaining to two side | bilateral
bi-LAT-er-al
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| pertaining to the middle and to the side | mediolateral
me-de-o-LAT-er-al
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| pertaining to away(from point of attachment of a body part) | distal
Dis-tal
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| near (point of attachment of a body part) | proximal
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| pertaining to below | inferior (INF)
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| pertaining to above | superior (SUP)
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| pertaining to the tail | caudal
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| pertaining to the head | cephalic
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| pertaining to the front | anterior (ANT)
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| pertaining to the back | posterior
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| pertaining to the back | dorsal
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| pertaining to the belly (front) | ventral
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| pertaining to the front and to the back | anteroposterior (AP)
an-ter-o-pos-TER-e-or
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| pertaining to the back and to the front | posteroanterior (PA)
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| semi-sitting position w/ slight elevation of the knees (bed raised 30-90o | Fowler position
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| lying on back with legs raised and feet in stirrups | lithotomy position
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| sitting erect in a chair or sitting upright in bed supported by pillows behind the head and chest (also called orthopneic position) | orthopnea position
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| lying on abdomen facing downward (head maybe turned to one side) | prone position
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| lying down in any position | recumbent position
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| lying on left side with right knee drawn up and with left arm drawn behind, parallel to the back | Sims position
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| lying on back facing upward | supine position
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| lying on back with body tilted so that the head is lower than the feet | Trendelenburg position
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| outer layer of skin | epidermis
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| horny,or cornified,layer composed of protein | keratin
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| color or pigmentation ot the skin | melanin
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| inner layer of skin (also known as TRUE SKIN) | dermis
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| tiny,coiled,tubular structures that emerge through pores on the skins surface and secrete sweat | sudoriferous (sweat) glands
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| secrete sebum (oil) in to the hair follicles where the hair shafts pass through the dermis | sebaceous glands
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| skin | cutane/o,derm/o,dermat/o
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| sweat | hidr/o
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| horny tissue, hard | kerat/o
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| nail | onych/o,ungu/o
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| sebum(OIL) | seb/o
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| trich/o | hair
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| self | aut/o
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| life | bi/o
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| dust | coni/o
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| hidden | crypt/o
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| other | heter/o
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| fungus | myc/o
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| death(cells,body) | nerc/o
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| thick | pachy/o
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| wrinkles | rhytid/o
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| grape like clusters | staphyl/o
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| twisted chains | strept/o
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| dry | xer/o
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| on,upon,over | epi-
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| within | intra-
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| beside,beyond,around,abnormal | para-
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| through | per-
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| under,below | sub-
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| through,across,beyond | trans-
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| noun suffix, no meaning | -a
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| berry-shaped(form of bacterium) | -coccus(pl.-cocci)
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| excision or surgical removal | -ectomy
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| diseased or abnormal state,condition of | -ia
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| inflammation | -itis
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| softening | -malacia
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| view of,viewing | -opsy
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| eating or swallowing | -phagia
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| sugical repair | -plasty
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| flow, discharge | -rrhea
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| instrument used to cut | -tome
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| around the navel(umbilicus) | umbilical region
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| right or left of umbilical region,near waist | lumbar regions
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| superior to the umbilical region, above stomach | epigastric region
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| right and left of the epigastric region | hypochondriac regions
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| inferior to the umbilical region (under the stomach) | hypogastric region
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| to the right and left of the hypogastric region,near the groin(inguinal region) | iliac region
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| inflammation of the skin | Dermatitis
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| abnormal condition of the skin caused by dust | dermatoconiosis
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| fibrous tumor of the skin | dermatofibroma
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| inflammation of a sweat gland | hidradenitis
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| condition of smooth skin | leiodermia
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| white skin(white patches caused by pigmentation) | leukoderma
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| abnormal condition of a hidden nail(also known as ingrown nail) | onychocryptosis
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| softening of the nails | onychomalacia
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| abnormal condition of a fungus in the nails | onychomycosis
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| eating the nails (nail biting) | onychophagia
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| diseased state around the nail | paronychia
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| discharge of sebum (excessive) | seborrhea
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| abnormal condition of a fungus in the hair | trichomycosis
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| dry skin(mild form of a cutaneous disorder characterized by keratization and noninflammatory scaling | xeroderma
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| scraping of skin by mechanical process or injury | abrasion
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| localized collection pus | abscess
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| inflammatory disease of the skin involving the sebaceous glands and hair follicles | acne
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| precous skin condition of horny tissue formation that results from precancerous skin condition from excessive exposure to sunlight(could evolve in to squamous cell carcinoma) | actinic keratosis
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| congenital hereditary condition characterized by partial or total lack of pigment in the skin, hair and eyes | albinism
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| epithelial tumor arising from the epidermis. seldom metastasizes but invades local tissue. common in individuals who have had excessive sun exposure | basal cell carcinoma(BCC)
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| an infection of the skin mouth (also known as THRUSH) | candidiasis
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| skin infection composed of a cluster of boil caused by staphylococcal bacteria | carbuncle
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| inflammation of the skin and subcutaneous tissue caused by infection leading to redness,swelling and fever | cellulitis
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| injury with no break in the skin characterized by pain selling and discoloration (bruise) | contusion
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| non-infectious inflammatory skin disease characterized by redness,blisters,scabs,and itching | eczema
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| slit or crack like sore in the skin | fissure
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| painful skin node caused staphylococcal bacteria in a hair follicle (boil) | furuncle
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| death of tissue caused by loss of blood supply followed by bacterial invasion(a form of necrosis) | gangrene
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| inflammatory skin disease caused by herpes virus(small blisters in clusters) | herpes
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| superficial skin infection characterized by pustules and caused by either staphylococci or streptococci | impetigo
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| the invasion of pathogens in body tissue(becomes an infection when pathogen gain access to vascular or lymphatic system and become disseminated throughout the body | infection
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| view of life(removal of living tissue from the body to be view under microscope | Biopsy(bx)
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| surgical repair using ones own skin(skin graft,autograft) | dermatoautoplasty
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| surgical repair using skin from others (allograft) | dematoheteroplasty
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| instruments used to cut skin (in thin slices for skin grafts) | dermatome
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| surgical repair of the skin | dermatoplasty
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| excision of a nail | onychectomy
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| excision of wrinkles(facelift) | rhytidectomy
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| surgical repair of wrinkles | rhytidoplasty
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| destruction of tissue with hot or cold instrument electric current or caustic substance(cautery) | cauterization
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| destruction of tissue by using extreme cold, often by liquid nitrogen | cryosurgery
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| removal of contaminated or dead tissue and foreign matter from an open wound | debridement
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| procedure to remove skin scars with abrasive material,such as sandpaper | dermabrasion
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| removal by cutting | excision
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| surgical cut made to allow the free flow or withdrawal of fluids from lesion,wound,or cavity | incision and drainage(I&D)
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| procedure using an instrment that omits a high powered beam of light used to cut,burn,vaporize,or destroy tissue | laser surgery
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| technique of microscopically controlled serial excisions of skin cancers | Mohs surgery
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| to stitch edges of a wound surgically | suturing
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