Introduction to Renal: Fuctional Anatomy and Processes, Hamra, 128/2013
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| Functions of the Kidney | Regulation of water/electrolyte balance, Excretion of metabolic waste, excretion of bioactive substances, regulations of arterial pressure, Regulation of red blood cell production, regulation of vit D production, Gluconeogenesis
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| Kidneys receive what percent of the cardiac output? | 20%
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| ALl renal corpuscles are located in the | Cortex
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| 3 types of nephrons | Superficial, mid-cortical, juxtamedullary
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| Three layers of the filtration barrier | Capillary endothelium, Glomerular basement membrane, Layer of epithelial podocytes
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| The capillary endothelium allows passage of everything except | Blood cells and platelets
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| Define filtration slits | Spaces between the pedicles
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| What bridges the slits between pedicles | Slit diaphragms
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| The filtration barrier is covered with glycoproteins with what type of charge? | Negative
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| Which is more easily filtered, negative or positively charged solutes | Positive because the barrier is negative and repels negative ions
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| The filtration barrier allows passage of large volumes of fluid but restricts filtration of | Large plasma proteins like albumin
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| Glomerular capillary loops are supported by a network of | Mesangial cells
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| When mesangial cells contract, what happens to the surface area of the capillary membrane? | Decreases
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| Specialized epithelial cells of the thick ascending limb where it contacts its glomerulus | Macula densa
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| Juxtaglomerular cells, or granular cells, are specialized smooth muscle cells that are located in | The wall of the afferent arteriole
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| What is the majority of innervation in the kidney | Sympathetics
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| Define freely filtered | Substance that is present in the filtrate at the same concentration as found in the plasma (aka NOT bound to proteins)
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| Glomerular filtrate is mostly like plasma except it contains very little | Protein
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| Units of GFR | Volume of filtrate formed per unit time
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| Role of the Loop of Henle | Reabsorbs 20% of filtered NaCl and 10% of water, therefor diluting the luminal fluid relative to normal plasma and the surrounding interstitium
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| Cortical connecting tubules and collection ducts are regulated by which two hormones | Aldosterone and ADH
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| With aldosterone present, do you have more sodium present in the final urine or less? | Less
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| With ADH present, is the final urine more concentrated or dilute | Concentrated
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| What is the role of cortisol? | Inhibits reabsorption of calcium
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| ANP causes you to do what? | Dump sodium and water
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