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Renal System O1
Introduction to Renal: Fuctional Anatomy and Processes, Hamra, 128/2013
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Functions of the Kidney | Regulation of water/electrolyte balance, Excretion of metabolic waste, excretion of bioactive substances, regulations of arterial pressure, Regulation of red blood cell production, regulation of vit D production, Gluconeogenesis |
Kidneys receive what percent of the cardiac output? | 20% |
ALl renal corpuscles are located in the | Cortex |
3 types of nephrons | Superficial, mid-cortical, juxtamedullary |
Three layers of the filtration barrier | Capillary endothelium, Glomerular basement membrane, Layer of epithelial podocytes |
The capillary endothelium allows passage of everything except | Blood cells and platelets |
Define filtration slits | Spaces between the pedicles |
What bridges the slits between pedicles | Slit diaphragms |
The filtration barrier is covered with glycoproteins with what type of charge? | Negative |
Which is more easily filtered, negative or positively charged solutes | Positive because the barrier is negative and repels negative ions |
The filtration barrier allows passage of large volumes of fluid but restricts filtration of | Large plasma proteins like albumin |
Glomerular capillary loops are supported by a network of | Mesangial cells |
When mesangial cells contract, what happens to the surface area of the capillary membrane? | Decreases |
Specialized epithelial cells of the thick ascending limb where it contacts its glomerulus | Macula densa |
Juxtaglomerular cells, or granular cells, are specialized smooth muscle cells that are located in | The wall of the afferent arteriole |
What is the majority of innervation in the kidney | Sympathetics |
Define freely filtered | Substance that is present in the filtrate at the same concentration as found in the plasma (aka NOT bound to proteins) |
Glomerular filtrate is mostly like plasma except it contains very little | Protein |
Units of GFR | Volume of filtrate formed per unit time |
Role of the Loop of Henle | Reabsorbs 20% of filtered NaCl and 10% of water, therefor diluting the luminal fluid relative to normal plasma and the surrounding interstitium |
Cortical connecting tubules and collection ducts are regulated by which two hormones | Aldosterone and ADH |
With aldosterone present, do you have more sodium present in the final urine or less? | Less |
With ADH present, is the final urine more concentrated or dilute | Concentrated |
What is the role of cortisol? | Inhibits reabsorption of calcium |
ANP causes you to do what? | Dump sodium and water |