Digestive System Reverse Defs
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| A continuation of the digestive tract responsible for absorption. Consists of the duodenum, jejunum and ileum | Small intestine
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| A flap of tissue covering the trachea, which prevents food and liquids from entering the airway | Epiglottis
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| A flexure of the colon which joins the descending colon and the rectum | Sigmoid colon
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| A lesion of the skin or mucous membrane which frequently develops in the duodenum or stomach | Ulcer
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| A muscular canal which extends from the pharynx to the stomach | Esophagus
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| A sac-like structure in the abdominal cabity, responsible for digestion of food | Stomach
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| A test in which stool samples are collected to determine gastrointestinal bleeding | Occult blood
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| Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen | Ascites
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| Abnormal protrusion of an organ or tissue through the structures that normally contain it | Hernia
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| Absence of hydrochloric acid in the stomach | Achlorhydric
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| Deglutition | Act of swallowing
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| Also called the large intestine; it is divided into four portions and is responsible for absorption and elimination | Colon
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| An artificial opening, in this case, one from the bowel through the abdominal wall | Stoma
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| An organ below the liver which stores and empties bile through its ducts into the small intestine | Gallbladder
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| An organ which uses ducts to provide exocrine secretions to the duodenum to aid in digestion | Pancreas
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| Anastomosis of the esophagus and jejunum | Esophagojejunostomy
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| Applying a substance called guaiac to a stool sample to detect presence of occult bolld in the feces also called Hemoccult | Stool guaiac
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| Backflow of gastric contents into the esophagus due to a malfunction of the sphincter muscle at the inferior portion of the esophagus | Gastroesphageal Reflux Disease (GERD)
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| Backward flowing, as in the return of solids or fluids to the mouth from the stomach | Regurgitation
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| Body mass index of 40 or greater, which is generally 100 or more pounds over ideal body weight | Morbid obesity
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| Cartilaginous tube which extends from the larynx to the bronchial tubes | Trachea
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| Chewing - the first stage of digestion | Mastication
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| Chronic inflammation, usually of the ileum, but possible affecting any protion of the intestinal tract; also called regional enteritis | Crohn Disease
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| Circular band of muscle fibers that constricts a passage or closes a natural opening of the body | Sphincter
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| Control loose stools and relieve diarrhea by absorbing excess water in the bowel or slowing peristalsis in the intestinal tract | Antidiarrheals
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| Control nausea and vomiting by blocking nerve impulses to the vomiting center of the brain | Antiemetics
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| Counteract or neutralize acidity, usually in the stomach | Antacids
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| Creation of an opening of a portion of the colon throught the abdominal wall to its outside surface in orfer to divert fecal flow to a colostomy bag | Colostomy
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| Decrease gastrointestinal spasms by slowing peristalsis and motility throughout the GI tract | Antispasmodics
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| Denotes a gland that secretes its products through excretory ducts to the surface of an organ or tissue or into a vessel | Exocrine
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| Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatograph (ERCP) | Endoscopic procedure that provides a radiographic visualization of the bile and pancreatic ducts to identify paratial or total obstructions, as well as stones, cysts and tuumours
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| Lower GI | Endoscopy of the colon, sigmoid colon, and rectum and anal canal
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| Upper GI | Endoscopy of the esophagus, stomach and duodenum
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| Hepatomegaly | Enlargement of the liver
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| Dyspepsia | Epigastric discomfort felt after eating; also called indigestion
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| Obesity | Excessive accumulation of fat that exceeds the body's skeletal and physical standards, usually an increase of 20 percent or more above ideal body weight
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| Polypectomy | Excision of a polyp
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| Fecalith | Fecal concretion
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| Cecum | First 2-3" of large intestine
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| Ascending colon | First portion of the colon, extending from the cecum to the lower border of the liver
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| Oral leukoplakia | Formation of white spots or patches on the muscous membrane of the tongue, lips or cheek caused primarily by irritation
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| Flatus | Gas in the GI tract, expelling of air from a body orifice, especially the anus
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| Liver Function Tests (LFT) | Group of blood tests that evaluate liver injury, liver function, and conditions often associated iwth the biliary tract
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| Bariatric Surgery | Group of procedures that treat morbid obesity, a condition which arises from severe accumulation of excess weight as fatty tissue, and the resultant health problems
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| Computed tomography | Imaging technique achieved by rotating an x-ray emitter around the area to be scanned and measuring the intensity of transmitted rays from different angles
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| Dysphagia | Inability or difficulty in swallowing; also called aphagia
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| Pyloromyotomy | Incision of the longitudinal and circular muscles of the pylorus; used to treat hypertrophic pyloric stenosis
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| Ulcerative colitis | Inflammation and ulceration of the innermost lining of the colon
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| Diverticulitis | Inflammation of a sac-like bulge that may develop in the wall of the large intestine
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| Appendicitis | Inflammation of the appendix, usually due to obstruction or infection
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| Dysentery | Inflammation of the intestine, especially the colon, that may be caused by ingesting water or food containing chemical irritants, bacteria, protozoa, or parasites, which results in bloody diarrhea
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| Stomatitis | Inflammation of the mouth of the stomach
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| Gastritis | Inflammation of the stomach
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| Anorexia | Lack or loss of appetite, resulting in the inability to eat
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| Rectum | Last portion of the digestive tract which terminates at the anus
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| Ileum | Lower division of the small intestine
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| Bolus | Mass of masticated food ready to be swallowed
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| Serum bilirubin | Measurement of the level of bilirubin in the blood
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| Halitosis | Offensive, or "bad" breath
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| Proctologist | One who specializes in diseases of the colon, rectum and anus
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| Bilirubin | Orange-coloured or yellowish pigment in the bile
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| Hepatitis panel | Panel of blood tests that identify the specific virus- HAV, HBV, HCV -causing hepatitis by testing serum using antibodies to each of these antigens
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| Melena | Passage of dark-coloured, tarry stools, due to the presence of blood altered by intestinal juices
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| Steatorrhea | Passage of fat in large amounts in the feces due to failure to digest and absorb it
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| Pharynx | Passageway for air from the nose to the larynx and for food from the mouth to the esophagus
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| Anorectal | Pertaining to both the anus and the rectum
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| Celiac | Pertaining to the abdomen
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| Buccal | Pertaining to the cheek
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| Lingual | Pertaining to the tongue
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| Cachexia | Physical wasting that includes loss of weight and muscle mass; commonly associated with AIDS and cancer
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| Sialolithiasis | Presence of a stone in the salivary gland
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| Cholelithiasis | Presence or formation of gallstones in the gallbladder or common bile duct
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| Lithotripsy | Procedure for crushing a stone and eliminating its fragments either surgically or using ultrasonic sound waves
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| Nasogastric intubation | Procedure that involves insertion of a nasogastric tube through the nose into the stomach to relieve gastric distention by removing gas, food or gastric secretions; to instill medicaton, food, or fluids; or to obtain a specimen for laboratory analysis
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| Eructation | Producing gas from the stomach, usually with a characteristic sound: also called belching
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| Peristalsis | Progressive wave-like motion which causes the contents of the digestive tract to be forced onward
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| Peristalsis | Progressive wave-like movement that occurs involuntarily in hollow tubes of the body, especially the GI tract
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| Gastrointestinal system | Provides the body with nutrients, electrolytes and water by ingestion, digestion, elimination and absorption
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| Percutaneous Transhepatic Cholangiography PTCP | Radiographic examination of bile duct structures
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| Barium swallow | Radiographic examination of the esophagus, stomach and small intestine following oral administration of barium sulfate; also called esophogram and upper GI series
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| Barium enema | Radiographic examination of the rectum and colon following enema administration of barium sulfate into the rectum; also called lower GI series
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| Cholecystography | Radiographic images taken of the gallbladder after administration of a contrast material containing iodine, usually in the form of a tablet
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| Liver scan | Radiographic visualization of the liver after injection of a radioactive substance
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| Sialography | Radiologic examination of the salivary glands and ducts
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| Choledocholithotomy | Removal of a gallstone through an incision of the bile duct
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| Biopsy (bx) | Representative tissue sample removed from a body site for microscopic examination, usually to establish a diagnosis
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| Borborygmus | Rumbling or gurgling noises that are audible at a distance and caused by passage of gas through the liquid contents of the intestine
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| Cirrhosis | Scarring and dysfunction of the liver caused by chronic liver disease
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| Jejunum | Second division of the small intestine
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| Transverse colon | Second portion of the colon that passes horizontally across the abdomen toward the spleen
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| Obstipation | Severe constipation; may be caused by an intestinal obstruction
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| Colic | Spasm in any hollow or tubular soft organ especially the colon, accompanied by pain
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| Roux-en-y Gastric Bypass (RGB) | Stomach is first stapled to decrease it to a small pouch. Next, the jejunum is shortened and connected to the small stomach pouch, causing the base of the duodenum leading from the nonfunctioning portion of the stomach to form a Y configuration.
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| Pyloric stenosis | Stricture or narrowing of the pyloric sphincter at the outlet of the stomach, causing an obstruction that blocks the flow of food into the small intestine
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| Ileorectal | Surgical connection of theileum and rectum after total colectomy, as is sometimes performed in the treatment of ulcerative colitis
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| Intestinal | Surgical connection of two portions of the intestines;; also called enteroenterostomy
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| Enterostomy | Surgical formation of an opening from the small intestine through the abdominal wall
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| Anastomosis | Surgical joining of two ducts, vessels, or bowel segments to allow flow from one to another
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| Jejunorrhaphy | Surgical repair of the jejunum
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| Cheiloplasty | Surgical repair of the lip
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| Proctoplasty | Surgical repair or reconstruction of the rectum or colon
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| Aerophagia | Swallowing air
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| Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) | Symptom complex marked by abdominal pain and altered bowel function for which no organic cause can be determined; also called spastic colon
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| Malabsorption | Symptom complex of the small intestine characterized by the impaired passage of nutrients, minerals or fluids through intestinal villi into the blood or lympph
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| Ultrasonography | Test that uses high-frequency sound waves to analyze the reflected echoes from anatomical structures and convert them into an image on a video monitor; also called ultrasound, onography, echo and echogram
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| Stool Culture | Test to identify microorganisms pr parasites present in feces
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| Oropharynx | The central part of the throat between the soft palate and epiglottis
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| Anal sphincter | The constricting muscle at the anus which relaxes to allow passage of stool
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| Enema | The introduction of liquid into the rectum for cleansing the bowel and for stimulating evacuation of the bowels
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| Liver | The largest glandular organ whose functions include: producing bile, removing glucose from the blood and storing vitamins
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| Laryngopharynx | The lower portion of the pharynx which divides into the trachea and esophagus
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| Anus | The outlet of the rectum
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| Absorption | The passage of simple nutrients into the blood stream
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| Diarrhea | The passage of unformed watery bowel movements
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| Nasopharynx | The portion of the throat above the soft palate and behind the nose
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| Digestion | The process by which food is broken down, mechanically and chemically in the digestive tract and converted into an absorbable form that can be used by the body
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| Descending colon | Third continuatin of the colon which joins and forms the sigmoid colon
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| Ingest | To eat
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| Elimination | To remove, get rid of, exclude; also to pass urine from the bladder or stool from the bowel
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| Laxatives | Treat constipation by increasing peristaltic activity in the large intestine or increasing water and electrolyte secretion into the bowel to induce defacation
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| Cholangioma | Tumour of the bile duct or vessel
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| Abdominal | Ultrasound visualization of the abdominal aorta, liver, gallbladder, bile ducts, pancreas, kidneys, ureters and bladder
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| Vertical Banded Gastroplasty | Upper stomach near the esophagus is stapled vertically to reduce it to a small pouch. A band is then inserted that restricts food consumption and delays its passage from the pouch, causing a feeling of fullness
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| Duodenum | Uppermost division of the small intestine; receives secretions to aid in digestion
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| Biopsy | Use of a large-bore needle to remove a core of liver tissue for histological examination
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| Extracorporeal Shockwave | Use of shock waves as a noninvasive method to break up stones in the gallbladder or biliary ducts
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| Endoscopy | Visual examination of a cavity or canal using a flexible fiberoptic instrument called an endoscope
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| Hematemesis | Vomiting of blood from bleeding in the stomach or esophagus
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| Ileostomy | Surgical formation of an opening from the ileum through the abdominal wall
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