Unit 8 Test
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| What are units of wrapped DNA? | Nucleosomes
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| What are the different nucleotide bases in DNA? | Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine
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| What is replication? | When a cell divides into an identical cell and makes a copy of it's DNA
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| Walther Flemming | German biologist, discovered chromosomes in 1882
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| How many pairs of chromosomes do humans have? | 23
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| What are autosomes? | The 22 pairs in chromosomes, same in both male and female
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| What is the 23rd pair of chromosomes? | The sex chromosome, which is the primary factor in determining the gender of the offspring
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| What chromosomes do females have? | XX
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| What chromosomes do males have? | Xy
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| What is mitosis? | the cell process in which the nucleus divides to form two nuclei identical to each other, and to the original nucleus in a series of steps
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| What are the stages of mitosis? | Prophase, metaphase, interphase, and anaphase
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| What is transcription? | The process of transferring information from DNA to RNA
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| What are the differences between DNA and RNA? | DNA is a double helix, RNA is a single helix. RNA has Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine, but instead of Thymine, it has Uracil.
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| What is translation? | It is when three specific bases equal one amino acid, it takes place in the cytoplasm
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| What is heredity? | it is the process of passing biological traits from parent to offspring, through genes
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| What is the section of the DNA molecule that carries the instructions for the construction of proteins | idk
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| What is the study of how heredity works and, in particular, genes? | Genetics
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| Who is Walter Sutton? | An American graduate who in 1902, when he was researching chromosomes, discovered that genes are located on chromosomes
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| What are alleles? | Different forms of genes that carry information for a specific trait
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| How do we write alleles? | Using upper and lower case letters
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| What does Homeozygous mean? | Meaning the same
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| What does Heterozygous mean? | Meaning different
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| What is the likelihood that something will occur? | Probability
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| What are Punnett Squares? | special charts that show the possible gene combinations in a cross between two organisms
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| What did Gregor Mendel do? | He researched peas, english geneticist, developed punnett square
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| What is the phenotype? | The physical appearance
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| What is the genotype? | The actual genetic makeup
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| Who is considered the father of genetics? | Gregor Mendel
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| What is a sexual reproduction? | when one parent transmits all of its genetic information to the offspring , therefore they are identical
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| What is sexual reproduction? | When two parents contribute their genetics to the offspring
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| What is another name for sex cells? | Gametes
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| What is reproduction? | when the egg and the sperm unite
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| What is meiosis? | a cell division that produces haploid cells, not diploid
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| What is a mutation? | Any change in DNA
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| What is genetic engineering? | the process in which a sequence of DNA from an organism is first isolated, then inserted into the DNA of another organism, changing that organisms' DNA
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| What is all of the genetic material in an organism? | Deoxyribonucleicacid
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| What is forensics? | The use of DNA to identify a person
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| What is DNA? | nucleic acid that is shaped in a double helix that carries genetic info
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| Who were Watson and Crick | they stole Franklin's ideas and got the Nobel Prize for it (discovered structure of DNA)
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| Who was Rosalind Franklin? | Discovered stuff about chromosomes with an x ray died of cancer
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| Who was Walther Flemming? | German biologisst who discovered chromosomes in 1882
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| Who was Walter Sutton | discovered genes are located on chromosomes
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| What is the chromosome theory | genes are located on chromosomes
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| what is a chromosome? | strucutre of nucleic acid located in the nucleus
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| what is a chromatin | the material of which the chromosomes of organisms are composed
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| what is a chromatid | half of a chromosome
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| what are nucleosomes | basic unit of dna
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| 22 pairs of the chromosomes are what? | autosomes
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| the 23rd pair of chromosomes? | sex chromosomes
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| what is dna replication | when dna divides making an exact copy
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| what is mitosis | division of the nucleus of a cell
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| what are the stages of mitosis | interphase, prophase, metaphase, and anaphase
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