pharmacology chapter 11 Cardiovascular Drugs
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| CHF stands for | congestive heart failure.
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| CHF (congestive heart failure) indicates a | “weak pump.”
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| Causes of CHF (congestive heart failure) include: | 1. Heredity. 2. Smoking. 3. Excess fat in the diet (obesity). 4. Sedentary lifestyle. 5. Age (35). 6. MI(s) {myocardial infarction(s)}. 7. Valvular disease.
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| As the heart weakens, the amount of blood the heart ejects lessens and the heart rate | increases.
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| Signs of CHF include: | pedal edema and pulmonary edema.
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| A medication designed to slow the heart rate and stimulate the myocardium to contract more forcefully is called | Lanoxin, Digitek, or Lanoxicaps.
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| The generic name for Lanoxin, Digitek, or Lanoxicaps is | digoxin ("dig").
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| Treatment for congestive heart failure (CHF) commonly includes | digoxin.
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| Lanoxin, Digitek, or Lanoxicaps (digoxin) may require TDM (therapeutic drug monitoring) because of a | narrow TI (therapeutic index).
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| Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) for digoxin is commonly called a | “dig level.”
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| A high fiber diet can | slow the absorption of digoxin.
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| Signs of digitalis toxicity include: | bradycardia and yellow-green halos around lights.
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| Lanoxin, Digitek, or Lanoxicaps (digoxin) is commonly administered in combination with a diuretic called | furosemide AKA Lasix.
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| Lasix (furosemide) causes an excessive loss of the electrolyte (salt) | potassium (K).
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| The abbreviation for potassium is | K
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| K is measured in | mEq(milliequivalents)
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| Thoracodynia caused by coronary ischemia (starvation of O2-oxygen) is called | angina pectoris (AP).
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| The coronary ischemia is caused by | stenosis(narrowing)of the coronary arteries.
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| The stenosis is commonly caused by | atherosclerosis.
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| Causes of atherosclerosis include: | 1. Heredity. 2. Smoking. 3. Excessive fat in the diet (obesity). 4. Sedentary life style. 5. Age ( ).
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| Many antianginals work by causing the coronary arteries to | vasodilate(increase in diameter)
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| Vasodilation causes | hypotension (low blood pressure)
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| Antianginals include: | 1.nitroglycerin AKA Nitrostat or Nitro-Dur 2.isosorbide (sore heart) AKA Isordil 3.atenolol AKA Tenormin 4.metoprolol AKA Lopressor or Toprol 5.nadolol AKA Corgard 6.propranolol AKA Inderal (Inderal does it all). 7. amlodipine AKA Norvasc.
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| The abbreviations for nitroglycerin include | NTG, Ntg, or “nitro.”
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| Nitrostat or Nitro-Dur is AKA | nitroglycerin
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| Antianginals include: (continued) | 8. nicardipine AKA Cardene. 9. nifedipine AKA Adalat or Procardia. 10. verapamil AKA Calan. 11. diltiazem AKA Cardizem.
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| NTG(nitroglycerin) is routinely administered | SL(sub-lingual), transdermally and IV (intravenious)
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| Antiarrhythmic medications are prescribed to treat | cardiac dysrhythmias
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| Cardiac dysrhythmias are | abnormalities in the conduction ( ) of electrical impulses in the heart.
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| Antiarrhythmics include: | 1.Norpace AKA disopyramide 2.Betapace 3.procainamide AKA Pronestyl 4.Rythmol 5.propranolol AKA Inderal (Inderal does it all) 6.diltiazem AKA Cardizem 7.verapamil AKA Calan 8.clondine AKA Catapres 9.digoxin AKA Lanoxin, Digitek, Lanoxicaps
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| HTN stands for | hypertension (high blood pressure)
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| digoxin AKA | Lanoxin, Digitek, or Lanoxicaps
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| clonidine AKA | Catapres
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| verapamil AKA | Calan
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| diltiazem AKA | Cardizem
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| propranolol AKA | Inderal (Inderal does it all)
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| procainamide AKA | Pronestyl
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| Norpace AKA | disopyramide
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| Norpace is an | Antiarrhythmic
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| disopyramide (Norpace) is an | Antiarrhythmic
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| Betapace is an | Antiarrhythmic
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| procainamide AKA Pronestyl is an | Antiarrhythmic
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| Rythmol is an | Antiarrhythmic
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| propranolol AKA Inderal is an | Antiarrhythmic
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| diltiazem AKA Cardizem is an | Antiarrhythmic
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| digoxin AKA Lanoxin, Digitek or Lanoxicaps is an | Antiarrhythmic
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| clonidine AKA Catapres is an | Antiarrhythmic
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| verapamil AKA Calan is an | Antiarrhythmic
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| Hypertension (HTN) refers to | chronic (re-occuring) high blood pressure
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| HHD stands for | hypertensive heart disease
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| Common causes of chronic (reoccurring) hypertension (HTN) include: | 1. Atherosclerosis (fatty plague) 2. Kidney disease. 3. Poor stress management. 4. Excess salt, caffeine, nicotine, and alcohol
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| HTN(hypertension) of unknown cause is called | primary, essential, or idiopathic hypertension
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| Medications prescribed to lower blood pressure are called | antihypertensives
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| Antihypertensives include: | 1.Diovan 2.Cozaar 3.Benicar 4.Hyzaar AKA losartan + hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) 5.Avapro 6.metoprolol AKA Lopressor or Toprol 7.propranolol/ Inderal 8.atenolol/ Tenormin 9.nadolol/Corgard 10.amlodipine/ Norvasc 11.nicardipine AKA Cardene
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| Antihypertensives include:(continued) | 12. nifedipine AKA Adalat or Procardia. 13. diltiazem AKA Cardizem. 14. verapamil AKA Calan. 15. clonidine AKA Catapres 16. Minipress. 17. Capoten. 18. Lotensin. 19. Hytrin
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| Medications that end in -olol are called | beta blockers
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| Beta blockers can lose effectiveness if combined with | fruit juice
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| Hyperlipidemia means | a blood condition of excessive fat
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| Fats that can cause diseases of the heart and blood vessels include: | Cholesterol. 2. Triglycerides. 3. Trans-fatty acids
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| These fats (Cholesterol, Triglycerides, Trans-fatty acids) are considered | saturated
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| Medications prescribed to lower the amount of circulating fat in the blood are called | antihyperlipidemics (“statins”)
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| Antihyperlipidemics (“statins”) include: | 1. Lipitor. 2. Crestor. 3. Pravachol 4. Zocor. 5. Lopid. 6. niacin AKA Niaspan. 7. Trilipix
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| The combination of Norvasc (amlodipine) and Lipitor is called | Caduet
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| Antihyperlipidemics may require | periodic LFTs(liver function tests)
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| “Statins” can increase the risk of DM (diabetes mellitus) by 48% in | women
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| Antihyperlipidemic toxicity can occur if combined with | grapefruit juice
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| An omega-3 supplement for hypertriglyceridemia is called | Lovaza
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