Pertussis, Dugan, 1/22/13
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| Classic symptoms of pertussis in children | Spasms of productive coughing followed by characteristic whoop (paraxysmal cough) cyanosis, vomiting, convulsions, death
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| Classic symptoms of pertussis is adults | Mild respiratory symptoms ("100 day cough")
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| Pertussis is spread by | Droplet nuclei released by coughing of infected individuals
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| Pertussis cases dropped after WWII due to the | DTP vaccination
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| Why is pertussis on the rise now? | It isn't, the labs are just getting better at detecting it
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| Bordetella pertusis characteristics | Small, Gram neg, coccobacilli, Catalase positive, oxidase positive, nonmotile, aerobes
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| Virulence factors produced by Bordatella pertusis | Pertussis toxin, Adenylate cyclase toxin/hemolysin, Tracheal cytotoxin, Endotoxin
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| Pertussis toxin does what | Impairs neutrophyl chemotaxis, lymphocyte promoting factor and activates insulin
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| Adenylate cyclase toxin/hymolysin does what | Causes ATP to cAMP which causes lysis of RBC's and increases capillary permeability
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| Tracheal cytotoxin kills | Ciliated epithelial cells
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| Endotoxin does what | Elicits fever, activates complement, activates macrophages, etc.
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| An infection is initiated when Bordetella pertussis binds to | Ciliated epithelial cells which eventually die due to interference in ciliary activity
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| Three stages of Pertussis | Catarrhal, paraxysmal, convalescent
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| In which phase in Pertussis most communicable? | Catarrhal
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| Which phase presents with relatively nonspecific sympots of rhinorrhea, malaise, and mild fever with a dry, nonproductive cough | Cararrhal
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| How long does the Paroxysmal phase normally last | 4-6 weeks
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| tThe white blood cell count in the Paroxysmal phase is | Very high (>40,000) due to lymphocytosis
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| Collection of Pertussis is done by | Inserting tiny nasal prob swab to the posterior nasopharynx
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| Which medium is used to isolate pertussis | Regan-Lowe medium
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| Pertussis colonies appear | Shiny, white-gray, slow growing (48-72 hours)
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| Pertussis is ID with | Fluorescent antibody stains
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| Treatment of pertussis in the catarrhal stage | Azithromycin
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| Is treatment effective when given during or after the paroxysmal stage? | No
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| What is the Tdap shot? | Tdap shot is formulated for adolescents and adults and recommended by CDC in 2005. Tdap has a reduced diphtheria toxoid formulation.
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