absite cell biol
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| what causes cells to be negative inside relative to outside | Na/K ATPase (3 out and K in)
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| what are tight jxns | cell-cell occluding to form impermeable barrier (ie epithelium)
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| what are gap jxns | communication bw cells, subunit is connexins
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| what is the ABO Ag | glycolipid on cell membrane
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| what is the HLA Ag | glycoprotein on cell membrane
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| what is G1, S part of cell cycle | protein synthesis, chromosomal duplication
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| what is G2, M part of cell cycle | mitosis, nucleus divides
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| what part of cell cycle determines cell cycle length | G1, that is most variable
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| what part of cell cycle do growth factors affect | G1
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| what part of cell cycle then turns to quiescence | G1 goes to G0
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| what happens in prophase | centromere attach, spindle formation, nucleus disappears
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| what happens in metaphse | chromosome alignment
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| name stages of mitosis | prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
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| what happens in anaphase | chromosomes pull apart
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| what happens in telophase | separate nucleus reform around ea set of chromosome
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| what are parts of nucleus membrane | dbl membrane, outer contains ER
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| what is nucleolus, what happens there | inside the nucleus, no membrane, ribosomes made here
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| how do steroid hormones work | bind receptors in cytoplasm, then enters nucleus and acts as t-factor
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| how do thyroid hormones work | bind receptor in nucleus, then acts as t-factor
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| what do initiation factors bind | RNA polymerase
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| purines incl | guanine and adenine
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| pyrimidines include | cytosine, thymidine (only in DNA), uracil (only in RNA)
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| name steps of translation | tRNA-peptide complex comes to A site on ribosome, bond is made w forming chain on P site and empty tRNA released
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| where does krebs cycle occur | inner membrane of mitochondria
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| how many ATP goes 1glu make via glycolysis | 2 ATP, 2 pyruvate
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| how many ATP created from Krebs cycle | 36
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| describe steps of Krebs cycle | 1glu goes to 2 pyruvate, creates NADH and FADH2->acetyl coA enters electron transport chain and creates 36 ATP
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| what happens in gluconeogenesis | lactic acid and aa are converted to glu [ie glycolysis in reverse, Cori cycle in liver takes lactic acid from mscl]
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| rough ER creates, incrsd in what cell types | exported proteins (ie pancreatic acinar cells)
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| smooth ER creates, increased in what cell types | lipid/steroid synthesis, detoxifies drugs (incrsd in liver and adrenal cortex)
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| what happens in golgi apparatus | modifies proteins w carb, proteins then transported to cell membrane and are either secreted or targeted to lysosomes
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| role of lysosomes | digestive enzymes that degrade engulfed particles and wornout organelles
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| role of phagosomes | engulf large particles that fuse w lysosomes
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| role of endosomes | engulf small particles that fuse w lysosomes
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| prot K C is activated by what | activated by Ca and diacylglycerol
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| Prot Kinase A is activated by what | cAMP, then phosphorylates other enzymes and proteins
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| name 3 intermediate filaments and the cell types | keratin (hair/nails), desmin (mscl), vimentin (fibroblasts)
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| roles of microtubules | form cilia, neuronal axons, mitotic spindles and involved in transport of organelles inside cell
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| what's centriole | specialized microtubule involved in cell division, forms spindle fibers which pull chromosomes apart
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