Respiratory Care Pharmacology
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
|
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| What are the indications for Catecholamine | 1. Relief of acute reversible airflow obstruction- relaxation of smooth muscle
2. Increased ciliary motility
🗑
|
||||
| Side Effects for sympathomimetic bronchodilators | 1. Hypersensitivity to the drug
2. Tremors
3. Increase HR, BP, Blood sugar & insulin
4. Tolerance
5. Headache
6. Nervousness
7. Anxiety
8. Insomnia
9. Decrease K+ by increasing the action of the Na+/K+ pump
10. Shift K+ to intracellular
🗑
|
||||
| Mechanism of Action for Cathocholamine | Stimulates both Alpha and Beta receptors
🗑
|
||||
| What is the Frequency of cathocholamine: | Onset 1-3 min, Peak 15-20 min, Short duration 1 hr
🗑
|
||||
| Name four drugs that are used for cathocholamine (generic and trade names) | Epinephrine (adrenalin)
Racemic Epinephrine (Vaponephrine, Micronephrine)
Isoproterenol (Isuprel)
Isoetharine (Bronkosol)
🗑
|
||||
| What is the mechanism of action for racemic epinephrine (Vaponephrine, micronephrine) | Stimulates Alpha receptor
🗑
|
||||
| Indications for Vaponephrine? | Racemic Epinephrine (Vaponephrine, Micronephrine)
Indications: Vasoconstriction- helps reduce swelling after extubation & relieve stridor
🗑
|
||||
| What is the dosage for Racemic epinphrine | SVN: .25-.5
🗑
|
||||
| How is racemic epinephrine given | SVN
🗑
|
||||
| Name two SABA for the class Resorcinols? | Metaproternol (Alupent, Metaprel)
Terbutaline (Breathaire
🗑
|
||||
| What is the frequency and dosage for metaproternol | Dosage: SVN: .2-.3 ml QID
MDI: 2-3 Puffs QID
Frequency: Onset 5 min, Peak 30-60 min, Duration 4-6 hr –not broken down by COMT
🗑
|
||||
| What is the mechanism of action for resorcinols | dilation of smooth muscle, bronchodilation
🗑
|
||||
| What are the four drugs in the class Saligenins? (Generic and trade name) | Albuterol-ventolin, proventil)
Levalbuterol (xopenex)
Salemeterol (Serevent)
Formoterol (Foradil)
🗑
|
||||
| Which two Saligenis are LABA? | Salmeterol-serevent
Formoterol- foradil
🗑
|
||||
| Which two of the Saligenis are SABA? | Albuterol-ventolin, proventil)
Levalbuterol (xopenex)
🗑
|
||||
| What are the indications for Parasympatholytics: LABA? | Indications:
1. Maintenance treatment of COPD when a second bronchodilator is needed
2. Severe asthma not responding well to a beta agonist
🗑
|
||||
| What are the contraindications for Parasympatholytics: LABA? | • Drug Hypersensitivity
• Caution for:
• Glaucoma
• Prostatic Hypertrophy
• Bladder neck obstruction
• Not for use in acute attack (PDR 2003)
• Contains soy derivative which may trigger peanut allergies
• Pregnancy B
🗑
|
||||
| What are some side effects for Parasympatholytics: LABA? | • Blurred vision
• Dry mouth
• Tachycardia
• Headache
• Bronchitis
• Dyspnea
• Coughing
• Upper respiratory infection
• Nausea
🗑
|
||||
| What is the mechanism of action for Parasympatholytics: LABA? | Block bronchoconstriction being help by the parasympathetic system/ Muscarinic Receptors on smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands
🗑
|
||||
| What are the three common drugs used in the class (generic and trade names) | Drugs:
Ipratropium Bromide (Atrovent)
Tiotropium Bromide (Spiriva)
Atropine-not used anymore
🗑
|
||||
| What is the dosage/frequency for Ipratropium Bromide (Atrovent)> | Dosage: SVN: .5 QID
o MDI: 2 Puff QID
Frequency: 15-30 Min, Peak 1-2 Hr, Duration 4-5 hr
🗑
|
||||
| What is the dosage/frequency for Tiotropium Bromide (Spiriva)? | Dosage : DPI 1 capsule DQ
Frequency: Onset 30 minutes, Peak 3 hrs, Duration 24 hr
🗑
|
||||
| What are some side effects for bronchodilation? | 1. Hypersensitivity to the drug
2. Tremors
3. Increase HR, BP, Blood sugar & insulin
4. Tolerance
5. Headache
6. Nervousness
7. Anxiety
8. Insomnia
9. Decrease K+ by increasing the action of the Na+/K+ pump
10. Shift K+ to intracellular
🗑
|
||||
| What are the Parasympatholytic Combination Drugs? | Duoneb: Albuterol/Ipratropium
Combivent: Albuterol/Ipratropium
🗑
|
||||
| Indications for inhaled Corticosteroids: | Inhaled: Maintenance therapy for chronic inflammation in mild-moderate persistent asthma and COPD; not a rescue drug
Nasal Rhinitis
🗑
|
||||
| Indications for Systemic: | used for exacerbation of COPD or home maintenance if needed
🗑
|
||||
| Mechanism of Action of Corticosteroids: | Regulates anti-inflammatory responses after binding to the cell’s DNA
Enhances the body’s inflammatory inhibitors
Inhibits migration of inflammatory cells (eosinophil and lymphocytes)
Inhibits mast cells
Constricts microvasculature at inflammatory sit
🗑
|
||||
| Side Effects Systemic steroids | Immunosuppression, Cushing Syndrome (Moon Face), Increased Blood sugar,Adrenal Suppression , Osteoporosis, Fluid Retention, HTN
🗑
|
||||
| Side effects for Local/Topical steroids | Candida Infection (thrush), Dysphonia (Hoariness),Bronchoconstriction
🗑
|
||||
| Name the Corticosteroids used for inhaled or topical purposes? | Drugs:
Local/Topical: Anti-inflammatory
•Beclomethasone HFA (QVAR, Beclovent, Vanceril)
• Flunisolide (Aerobid)
• Triamcinolone (Azamcort)
• Fluticasone (Flovent)
• Budesonide (pulmicort)
🗑
|
||||
| What is the dosage/Frequency of Albuterol (Proventil & Ventolin) | SVN: .63-1.25 mg TID
MDI: 2 Puffs QID
🗑
|
||||
| What is the dosage/frequency of levalbuterol (Xopenex) | SVN:.63-1.25 mg TID
MDI: 2 Puffs QID
🗑
|
||||
| What is the dosage/frequency of Salmeterol (serevent) | MDI- 2 Puffs BID
DPI- 1 inhaled BID
🗑
|
||||
| What is the dosage/frequency of Formoterol (Foradil) | DPI (aerolizer) 1 inhaled BID
🗑
|
||||
| What is the dosage/frequency of Budensonide (Pulmicort) | DPI 1-2 inhaled BID
SVN: 1 cap .25-.5 BID
🗑
|
||||
| What is the dosage/frequency of Mometasone (nasonex, elecon, asmanex) | 220 mcg once daily increased dose after 2 weeks. Maximum dose 440 mcg daily
🗑
|
||||
| What is the dosage/frequency of Fluticasone (Flovent) | MDI 44-110-220 mcg 2 puffs BID
DPI Diskus 50-100-250 mcg
🗑
|
||||
| What is the dosage/frequency of Belcomethasone (QVAR) | MDI- 40&80 mcg 1-2 Puffs BID
🗑
|
||||
| What is the dosage/frequency of Acetlycysteine (Acetadote) | Mucolytic:
SVN: 3-5 ml 10-20% mucomyst
🗑
|
||||
| What is the dosage/frequency of Dornase Alpha (Pulmozyme) | SVN: 2.5 mg/ampoule QD
🗑
|
||||
| What is the dosage/frequency of Cormolyn (NasalCrom, Gastrocrom, Crolom) | SVN: 20mg 4x a day at intervals
MDI: 2 Puffs QID at intervals
🗑
|
||||
| What are the indications NON-steroidal Antiasthma Agents? | Prevention of mild persistent asthma
Alternative to steroids especially in small children/infants
Used to prevent allergic rhinitis (nasal spray)
Prevention of EIB
🗑
|
||||
| What are some Contraindications of NON-steroidal Antiasthma Agents? | Ineffective if already in bronchospasm
🗑
|
||||
| Mechanism of action for NON-steroidal Antiasthma Agents? | Inhibits degranulation of mast cells in allergic and non-allergic stimuli
Does not bronchodilate
🗑
|
||||
| Side Effects/hazards HHN for NON-steroidal Antiasthma Agents: | Sneezing
Stinging or burning
Nasal Irritation
Bad Taste
🗑
|
||||
| Common Side Effects of NON-steroidal Antiasthma Agents? | Dizziness
Cough
Headache
Nausea
🗑
|
||||
| What are the indications for Antileukotrienes | Indications: Used prophylactically for control of asthma
🗑
|
||||
| What is the Mechanism of Action for Antileukotrienes: | Normally leukotrienes act like histamines only stronger inhibits action of leukotrienes (SRS-A)
🗑
|
||||
| What are the Drugs in the class Antileukotrienes: | Zarfilucast (Accolate) 12 yrs and up,
Zileuton (Zyflo) Hard on liver,
Monteleukast (Singulair) 2yrs and up,
🗑
|
||||
| What is the dosage/frequency for Zarfilucast (Accolate) 12 yrs and up | Dosage: 10-20 mg tablet BIQ
🗑
|
||||
| What is the dosage/frequency for Zileuton (Zyflo) Hard on liver | Dosage: 600 mg tablets QID or BID if extended release,
🗑
|
||||
| What is the dosage/frequency for Monteleukast (Singulair) 2yrs and up | Dosage: 4-10 mg tablet QD
🗑
|
||||
| What are the indications for Xanthines: | Indications:Management of mild persistent asthma and COPD, Sometimes used as a respiratory ventilatory stimulant in premises for apnea, Used only for maintenance
🗑
|
||||
| What are the Contraindications for the xanthines: | Any condition that effects liver or kidney function affects Theophylline level
🗑
|
||||
| What is the Mechanism of action for Xanthines: | CNS Stimulation and ventilatory drive Cardiac muscle stimulation
Increase in respiratory muscle strength and endurance
Diuresis
Bronchial
uterine, vascular smooth muscle relaxation, Peripheral and coronary vasodilation, Cerebral vasoconstriction
🗑
|
||||
| Side Effects of Xanthines: | CNS, GI, Respiratory, Cardiovascular, Renal
🗑
|
||||
| What are the Drugs used in this class: | Theophylline (theo-Dur,Slo-phyllin, etc…)Aminophylline
🗑
|
||||
| What is the dosage/frequency for Theophylline (theo-dur, slo-phyllin) | Dosage: Serum Levels
<5ug/ml- no effect
10-20 ug/ml-theraperatic level
>20ug/ml- nausea
>30 ug/ml- arrhythmias
40-45 ug/ml- seizures
🗑
|
||||
| What are some indications for Mucolytics: | Indications:Degrades or breaks down mucus,To aid in the removal of thick secretions
🗑
|
||||
| What are some different Types of Mucolytics: | Mucolytic:breaks down mucus.(Mucomyst, Pulmozyme)Mucokinetic-increases mucociliary escalator or cough efficiency(Bronchodilators improve cough flow,surfactants decrease mucus adhesiveness)
Mucoregulatory:decreases mucus production
Expectorant:increases
🗑
|
||||
| What are some Contraindications for mucolytics: | Hypersensitivity to the drug
Caution: Wheezing
🗑
|
||||
| What are some Drugs that are mucolytics: | Acetylecystine (Mucomyst)
Dornase Alpha (rhDNAse)Pulmozyme
NaHCO3
Saline (hypertonic saline and isotonic saline) Expectorant
🗑
|
||||
| What is the mechanism of action for Acetylecystine (Mucomyst)- | breaks disulfide bonds of the mucus amino acid that holds sputum together
Decreases Viscosity
🗑
|
||||
| What is the Dosage/Frequency for Acetylecystine (Mucomyst: | SVN: 3-5 ml 10-20% mucomyst, HHN: Onset 1 min, Peak 5-10 min,
🗑
|
||||
| Side Effects for Acetylecystine (Mucomyst: | Bronchospasm (always give with or after a Beta 2 agonist)
Hemoptysis
Nausea
Rhinorrhea
🗑
|
||||
| What are some Other Uses for Acetylecystine (Mucomyst: | Acetaminophen OD
Protection of kidneys from cardiac dyes (angiogram)
Experimental for prevention of lung injury in ARDS or lung cancer
🗑
|
||||
| What is the mechanism of action for Dornase Alpha (rhDNAse)-Pulmozyme | Breaks down mucus DNA strands
🗑
|
||||
| What is the dosage for Dosage/Frequency Dornase Alpha (rhDNAse)-Pulmozyme: | SVN: 2.5 mg/ampoule QD
🗑
|
||||
| What are some Side Effects for Dornase Alpha (rhDNAse)-Pulmozyme: | Voice alterations
Pharyngitis
Laryngitis
🗑
|
||||
| Miscellaneous uses for Dornase Alpha (rhDNAse)-Pulmozyme: | Drug of choice for CF patients
Not as irritations as Acetylcystein
Dont Give alone in HHN
Discard if cloudy or discolored
🗑
|
||||
| What is the mechanism of action NaHCO3 | Increases pH of mucus
Weakens accharide chains
Very little evidence of effectiveness
🗑
|
||||
| what is the Dosage NAHCO3: | 2-5ml of 2%
🗑
|
||||
| Side Effects for NAHCO3 | Hypernatremia
Bronchial Irritation
🗑
|
||||
| What are some indications/mechanism of action Saline (hypertonic saline and isotonic saline) Expectorant | Used to induce sputum
Hypertonic pulls water into the airway
Isotonic:
Induces cough and makes mucus move easier
Can be nebulized or instilled into ETT
🗑
|
||||
| What is the Dosage for Saline: | 3-10% solution
🗑
|
||||
| What are some indications for antiinfectives | Indications:For gram negative infections: Joint & bone
skin & soft tissue
respiratory infection
sepsis
abdominal infection
UTIs
Poor GI absorptions-given parenteral
400 mg (1.6ml) HHN- dose per local practice
🗑
|
||||
| What are the drugs that fall within this class (antiinfectives) | Tobramycin (TOBI) Aminoglycoside
Pentamidine (NebuPent)
Ribavirin (Virazole)
🗑
|
||||
| Indications for Tobramycin (TOBI) Aminoglycoside: | Pseudonmonas aeruginosa in CF, Staph and E-coli infections
🗑
|
||||
| Dosage for Tobramycin (TOBI) Aminoglycoside: | 300 mg/5ml, 28 course of 80mg or more
🗑
|
||||
| Indications for Pentamidine (NebuPent): | PCP Prophylaxis,Antiprotozoal for treatment and prevention of opportunistic pneumonia, Given if history of P carinii and/or low CD4 count <200
🗑
|
||||
| Dosage for Pentamidine (NebuPent): | 300 mg of powder in 6 ml of sterile water once every 4 wk
🗑
|
||||
| Misc facts about Pentamidine (NebuPent) | Don’t mix with another drug in HHN
Don’t administer if pregnant
Give in a ventilator booth if possible
Give once a month
🗑
|
||||
| Indications for Ribavirin (Virazole): | RSV
🗑
|
||||
| Dosage for Ribavirin (Virazole): | 6mg of power in 300 ml of sterile water x 12-18/day for 3-7 days
Used by SPAG Neb
Wear goggles and respirator
🗑
|
||||
| Side Effects of Ribavirin (Virazole): | Bronchospasm
Cardiac
Arrhythmias
Conjunctives
🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Created by:
laney21882
Popular Science sets