Plate Tectonics (Mayfield)
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| What is continental drift? | over time the continents have been moving on top of tectonic plates
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| What was Africa once connected to? | South America
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| What was the sub-continent that split into North America, Europe & Asia called? | Laurasia
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| What boundaries do plates collide? | convergent
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| What occurs because of tiny metal particles in magma? | magnetic reversals
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| What was the sub-continent that split into South America, Antartica, Africa, Australia and India called? | Gondwana
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| At what boundary does plates divide and go in opposite directions? | divergent boundaries
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| Where does sea-floor spreading occur? | mid-ocean ridges
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| What is the theory that the Earth's lithosphere is divided into tectonic plates that move around? | plate tectonics
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| What does GPS stand for? | Global Positioning System
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| What was the super continent that means "All Earth" in Greek? | Pangaea
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| What is the upward-arching folds when folding occurs? | anticline
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| What is a normal fault? | a fault caused by tension
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| Where is the Ring of Fire found? | Pacific Ocean
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| What is uplift? | the rising of regions of Earth's crust to higher elevations
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| What is rebound? | a rock slowly springing back to its previous elevation
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| What is subsidence? | the sinking of regions of Earth's crust to lower elevations
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| What type of mountain range is the Himalayas? | a folded mountain range
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| What type of mountain range is the Andes Mountains? | Volcanic mountain range
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| What is a strike-slip? | a fault that moves horizontally or side by side
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| What is a syncline? | a downward troughlike fold
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| What is a reverse fault? | a fault caused by compression
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| What is a footwall? | a wall you put your foot on
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| What is the theory that states the plates on the lithosphere move? | the theory of plate tectonics
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| Where is the older crust of the mid-ocean ridge located? | on the outside farthest away from the ridge
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| Which part of the fault block can you hang a rope from? | a hanging wall
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| What is the opposite of anticline? | syncline
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| What is the subduction zone? | a special name of the convergent boundary when ocean crust goes under
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| What is material that rises, hardens & creates new crust at mid-ocean ridges? | magma
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| What forms at continent-continent collisions? | mountain ranges
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| What is an example of a strike-slip fault? | San Andreas fault
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| At a continent-ocean convergent boundary, which crust will be subducted? | oceanic because it is more dense than continental
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| What are three ways plates are moved? | ridge push, slab pull & convection
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| What is ridge push? | elevation at the peak of the mid-ocean ridge when gravity pushes plates down and out
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| What is slab pull? | when more dense oceanic gets subducted and pulled under continental
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| What is convection? | when the mesosphere heats the asthenosphere, warm rock rises, cools and sinks.
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| What does convection create? | it creates the wheel system that the lithosphere/crust moves on
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| What are the 3 types of mountain ranges? | folded, volcanic & fault block
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| What are the characteristics of a folded mountain range? | continental-continental boundaries where the crust buckles and gets pushed upward
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| What are the characteristics of a volcanic mountain range? | Oceanic-Continental subduction that causes oceanic to go down be cause it is more dense. It melts magma and comes back through cracks and can create volcanoes
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| What are the characteristics of a fault block mountain range? | Mountains are sharp and jagged. Tensions caused faults to be under stress and one side rises causing mountains
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| What undergoes compaction from sedimentary rock? | sediment
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| What are igneous rocks that form above the surface of the Earth called? | extrusive
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| What type of rocks form deep in the Earth due to increased temperature and pressure? | metamorphic
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| What is the most commonly used biological sedimentary rock? | coal
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| What type of metamorphic rocks are created by heat from nearby magma? | contact metamorphic rocks
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| What type of rocks are usually located near the surface? | sedimentary
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| What is the theory that the Earth's lithosphere is divided into tectonic plates that move around? | plate tectonics
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| What type of rocks form below the surface of the Earth? | intrusive igneous rocks
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| What type of metamorphic rock is formed by built up pressure deep within the Earth? | regional metamorphic rocks
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| Where is the older crust found along the mid-ocean ridge? | on the outside of the ridge
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| What continent is India moving North into? | Asia
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| What are two types of igneous rocks? | intrusive and extrusive
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| What is involved in the formation of sedimentary rocks? | erosion/weathering, deposition, transportation
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| What are three types of sedimentary rocks? | clastic, chemical & organic
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| What type of tectonic plate moves away from each other? | divergent or normal faults
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| What type of tectonic plate moves toward each other? | convergent or reverse faults
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| What type of tectonic plate move side to side of each other? | strike-slip
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| What type of stress is occurring at a normal plate boundary? | tension
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| What characteristics would you find with sediment that traveled a long distance in fast flowing water? | it would be round and smooth due to more exposure to water erosion
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| What characteristics would you find with sediment that traveled a short distance in fast flowing water? | it would be more jagged due to less exposure to water erosion
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| What type of stress is occurring at a reverse plate boundary? | compression
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| What type of stress is occurring at a strike-slip fault? | shearing
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| How can sedimentary rock be used to help scientists determine past environments? | Terrestrial, Freshwater & marine fossils within the layers
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| How is metamorphic rock created? | heat close to magma
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| How is igneous rock created? | by lava or magma
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| How is sedimentary rock created? | compacted sediments
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| What are two types of metamorphic rocks? | contact and regional
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| What are two types of igneous rocks? | intrusive and extrusive
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| What are three types of sedimentary rocks? | clastic, chemical and biological
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| What type of evidence is there to prove sea-floor spreading occurs? | magnetic reversals and differences in crustal age
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| How often does magnetic reversals occur? | it switches every 300,000 years
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