histo2 test 1
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| all components of the ______develop from the hypophysial (rathke) pouch | Adenohypophsis
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| name the hormones described: A.causes contraction of unterine smooth m B.secretion is stimulated by an increase in blood osmolarity C.secreted by neuorons of the hypothalamus and target cells | a.oxytocin b.adh c.rf and irf
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| what is the function of hypothalamic-hypophysial portal system | to make sure []of RF and IRF are high enough to stimulated target cells
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| describe the struc of least permeable capillary | continuous endlothelium layer w b.l.(occluding jxnts)
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| compare a medium size artery with medium size vein | greater cross x area,less elastic,more collagen
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| which vessels act as auxillary pumps during diastole | elastic arteries
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| why is accumulation of fluid in the pericad cavity life threatening | bc fibrous layer doesnt stretch well, it puts pressure on the heart and it cant fill with blood
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| what struc separates atrial m from ventricular m | cardiac skeleton
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| what cytological characterstics of the purkinje cells are respons. for their rapid conduction rate | larger cells, lots intercalated disks,lots gap jxnt,glycogen
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| what disease begisn in the t.intima of arteris and may cause aneurysm | atheroma
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| what childhood disease may have complication which result in damage to mitral valve | rheumatic fever
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| what is the normal funct.of bronchial smooth m | distribution of air
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| exhalation at rest is produced by what 2 forces | elastic recoil and surfactant
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| surfactant descreases surface tension at the surface of the alveolus. How does it aid respiration. | expands alveoli during inspiration,helps recoil during expiration,prevents collapse
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| which cell population of the olfactory mucouse is capeable of producing new receptor cells | basal cells
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| what cytological charatc. of the parietal cell reflect its major function | more mitchondria
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| in which of the following cells of the digestive system correctly matched with their secretory product | B.undifferentiated cells of the small intestine secrete isotonic alkaline fluid (2-3liters a day)
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| explain how sympth stimulation may promote the development of duodenal ulcers | decreases the release of alkaline mucous from the submucosal glands.the absent of this protective layer may lead to ulcers
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| terminal digestion of most carbs and proteins is accomplished by | glycocalyx
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| in HIRSHSPRUNGS disease>>>>>>>>>>>>cells are absent | ganglion
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| name the hormone of the GI tract A.secretion of alkaline fluid B.section of digestive enzyme C.section of pepsinogen | A.secretin B.pancrozymic C.gastrin
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| which of the following structure are present in small but absent in large intestine | villi and paneth cells
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| which of the following are generally charact. of hepatocyte | form bile canaliculi, synthesize and secrete most plasma proteins
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| destruction of hepatocytes and loss of their relation.with sinusoids ......bla bla | cirrosis
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| how does the structure of elastic artery relate to its function | lots of elastic tissue to stretch and recoil during contraction and relaxation
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| what struct. pierces the cardiac skeleton to provide the only means of communication between atria and ventricles | av bundle
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| which spec cardial m is charact. by a large size,more gap jxnt and few myfibrils B.what implications does this structure have for the funciton of these cells | purkinje fibers B.inter disks for fast conduction speed
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| consider the parietal pericardium. What charactersitcs make it non-distensible | dense fibrous outer layer
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| give two important roles of elastic c.t.in airways of lung | keeps tubes open,passive expiration/recoil
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| type II penumocyts secrete _____which causes >>>>>______ | surfactant,alveoli to expand
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| even though hepatocyte pop may regenrate, liver failure may still develop | new cells cant form connections with sinusoids
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| give the two targets for pancrezymin and their responses | aciner cells-respond by secreting digestive enzyme..2..smooth m of the gall baldder emits bile into the digestive tract
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| give two functions of the isotonic alkaline fluid secreted by the epithelium of the small intestine | increase fluidity during digestion and neutrlize acidic contents entering small intestine
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| explain how autonomic stimulation of the submucosal duodenal glands may contribute to duodenal ulcers | reduce output of alkaline fluid
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| how does the structure of the chief cell in the stomach relect its function | secretion of pepisinogen
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| in general proteins and carbs are picked up in blood in the villi of small intestine and trans to the _______ via the ____- | liver,microvilli
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| the breakdown of thryoglobulin to active hormones by | lysosomal enzymes
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| what keeps bronchioles patent | elastic c.t.
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| what forces produce exhalation at rest | elastic ????
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| list the components of the blood air barrier in order A.alveolar macro B.basal lamine of endo C.basal lam of epi D c.t. elastic E c.t. reticular F.endo-continous G.endo-fenestrate H smooth m I.type ) pneumocyte J .type 2 pneumo | I,C,B,F ?????
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| which layer is destroyed in ulcertive colities and what are the major sings of this cond | mucosa, diarrhea??
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| cirrhosis may result in portal hypertension, why/ | new cells cant connect with sinousoids
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| what is the source of blood entering the hepatic sinusoids | hepatic a and portal veing
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| give the stimulus for the secretion of antidiuertic hormone under normal cond | less bv and more blood osmolarity
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| name the cells which secret releasing factors and give their location | neourson of hypothalamus
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| name the hormones A.contibute to development of ovarion follicle its secrtion is inhibited by thyroid hormones | follicle sh,???
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| which of the following is true of growth hormones | enhances the utilizatio of fats for energy and increase protein stores
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| name the cells of GI mucousa :A.secrete isotonic alk fluid B.enzymes in the glycocalyx C. are highly acidophilic due to large number of mitochondira | undifferntiated,absorpitve,parietal
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| in general, aneursyms and thromubs formation are consequences | atheroma
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| give 2 major consequences of coronary a disease | angine,myocardial infarction
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| what cytologic char of av node are related to slow conduction | smaller ,less ______
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| describe the structure of the most permeable vessel | discountnous w basal lamina
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| which type of artery controls the flow of blood to regions of the body | muscluar artery
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| in the resp tree....hylaine cartilage from trachea to_______,elastic from trachea to ______ | bronchi,alveolus
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| what component of the bronchi is primarily responsible for directing air | smooth m
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| which copd disease results in loss of elastic | emphysema
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| epithelia metaplasia of distal esophagus is caused by | acid reflux--cells change to stomach like
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| rectal colums are formed by | dialted venous plexuses
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| what problems result from calcific valve disease of the aortic valve | impairs blood flow from left ventricle
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| which blood vessel has greatest permiability | discountinous sinusoid
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| what are the major comp of t.media of elastic a | alternating layer of smooth m and elastic tissue
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| which blood vessel is important for maint normal arterial blood press | arteriole
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| what producsts are secreted by the serous cells of the salivary glands | lactoferrin, igA,enzymes amilase
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| live failure may include sympt of confusion.........distrubance of which of the liver major functions | >>>
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| which cells of the gall baldder respond to cholecytokinin | smooth m for ejection
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| consider the digestion of carbs. polysacch are broken down by _________and dissachrides are broken down by____________ | digestive enzymes, glycocalys of absorptive cells of small intestine
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| the internal anal sphincter is formed of | INNER CIRCULAR LAYER OF MUSCLULAR EXTERNA
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| secretin stimulates ________in the bile duct and ______ | alkaline fluid
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| name one of the 3 major abnor of the heart valves | rheumatic valve disease
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| why would an organ have continous capillaries with occluding jxnt | less permeability
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| what is the major function of muscular /medium size a | supplies regions of the body
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| besides being thinner, how does the myocardium of the atria differ from that of ventricles | more elastic fibers, ////add
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| which copd disease abnornaml smooth m and large mucous glands | chronic bronchitis
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| esophageal varices may result form ,,why | acid reflux, cause ulceration of the esophagus
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| how does the absopritve cell of the small intestine contribue to the digestion of proteins | enzymes of glycocalyx
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| most plasma cells are synthsized in | liver
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| in the lactating mammary gland, oxytocin targets >>>>>>>>>>>>>and causes>>>>>>>> | myoepithelial,,,,ejction of milk
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| in which receptor model does the hormone have a direct effect on the targt of DNA | mobile recepotor
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| how does the structure of the lacteal relate to its function | discountinous sinosoid which allows for excreating of waste and return of nutrient in and out of the blood from liver
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| in the heart, elastic tissue is an important component of the | parietal percardium
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| painful red streaks radiating from a puncture wound would suggest inflammatio of | lymph nodes
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| what type of capillary contributes to the blood-air barrier in lungs | type I pneumocyte
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| give two major componnets of the bronchiolar walls | smooth m and elastic c.t. in a helical formation
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| salive secreted from the parotid gland includes _______ | igF
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| descreibe the structure of hepatic sinusoid |
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| which of the following is NOT likely with decreased insulin levels? | starvation of the CNS, glucosuria???
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| name the cells of digestive tract Isecrete isotonic alk fluid II.secrete igA III.secrete secretin IV.secrete protein cleaving enzymes V.secret hcl VI.contain bacteriaolyt enzymes VII.complete the terminal digestion of most carbs and protesin | A.absorptive cells of small inter B.chief cell of stomach C.endocrine cell of small intesteine. D.endocrin of stomach E.gallbladder epit F.hepatocytes G.pancretic acinar cells H.pancreatic duct I.parital cell of stomach J.serous cells of the salivary glan
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| name the hormones A.neurons B.contract unterine smooth m C.infancy retard D.inhibits secretion of growth horm E.increase in blood calcium F.secrete by liver G.involved in the formation of vit D. H.parafollucular J.adenohyphysis | a.anti-diurectic and oxytocin b.oxytocin c.throid d.insulin and somatostatin e. parathyroid f.insluin g.parathyroid h.calcitonin i.growth
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