Geography
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| Geography | The study of where people places and things are located and of the ways in which things relate to each other
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| Absolute location | Position on a globe using latitude and longitude
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| Relative Location | Where something is in relation to other places
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| Equator | 0
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| Prime Meridian | 0
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| Longitude | Lines that run from North to South
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| Latitude | Lines that run from East to West
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| Place | Places have unique physical and human or cultural characteristics. Geographers try to understand how places are similar and different to one another. “What is the character of this place?”
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| Interaction | How people use the environment and the consequences of that
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| Movement | How people goods and ideas move between places
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| Region | A group of places with at least one common characteristic; there are two kinds
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| Formal Region | a certain characteristic is found throughout the area
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| Functional Region | one central place and the surrounding places affected by it
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| Geology | The study of the materials of the earth, including its history
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| Core | The center of the Earth
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| Mantle | Middle layer between the crust and core; It has the consistency of toothpaste or putty
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| Crust | Cooled, solid layer. There are two kinds; Oceanic and Continental
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| Continent | The large landmasses in the ocean
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| Relief | The difference in elevation between highest and lowest points
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| Fold | When rock layers bend + buckle.
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| Fault | Breaks in the Earth’s crust
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| Plate Tectonics | The Earth’s outer shell is not one solid piece of rock.
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| Ring of Fire | A circle of volcanoes surrounding the Pacific Ocean
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| Continental Drift | About 180 million years ago the “super continent” began to break up and separate
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| Lava | Molten rock on the surface of the earth
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| Convection | A circular motion caused when a material is heated, rises and expands then cools and falls
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| Weathering | The break down of rock at or near the surface of the Earth
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| Chemical Weathering | Alters rock’s chemical makeup by changing the minerals that form the rock or combining them with new chemical elements
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| Mechanical Weathering | Breaks down large pieces of rock into smaller pieces such as pebbles, stones, and even dust
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| Acid Rain | When chemicals in the polluted air fall with water vapors
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| Loess | Mineral rich dust and slit.
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| Leeward | Away from wind
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| Windward | Faced toward wind, water hits this side.
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| Frost Wedging | The process of water getting in a crack, freezing, expanding and eventually cracking the rock
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| Weather | The condition of the bottom layer of the Earth’s atmosphere in one place over a short period of time
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| Rain Shadow | Dry, hot air
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| Climate | The weather patterns an area typically experiences over a long period of time.
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| Rotation | Spinning motion of the Earth
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| Revolution | One complete orbit around the sun. Takes 365 ¼ days or 1 year to complete
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| Precipitation | All forms of water that fall to the earth from the atmosphere
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| Humid Continental | Found in central areas of continents in the northern hemisphere. Cold, snowy winters. Warm hot summers
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| Coniferous | Cone bearing trees. Needles
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| Chaparral | Small evergreens found in Mediterranean climates
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| Permafrost | Layer of permanently frozen soil
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| Population Density | The average number of people in a square mile
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| Birthrate | The amount of births each year per 1,000 people
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| Death Rate | The number of deaths each year per 1,000 people
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| Urbanization | The growth of city population
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| Communism | The government makes all of the decisions about what goods and products will be produced. The state owns and operates major farms and industries.
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| Monarchy | Kings, queens, pharohs, shahs, sultans, inherit position by being, born into the ruling family.
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| Dictatorship | Power is concentrated in small groups or a single person.
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| Demography | The study of human population
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| Capitalism | People determine what will be produced by what they buy or do not buy. This is referred to as a free market society. Little government influence.
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| Sovereignty | can rule itself and has freedom from outside control.
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| Socialism | The government runs basic industries and people run other industries and businesses. A mixed economy
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| Renewable Resources | A natural resource that the environment continues to supply or replace as it is used.
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| Geothermal Energy | Energy from the earth’s intense interior heat, which transforms underground water to steam that can be used to heat.
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| Nonrenewable Resources | A natural resource that can’t be replaced once it is used
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| Mixed Economy | Socialism
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| Subsistence Farming | growing only enough to meet their own family’s of village’s needs
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| Deciduous | shed their leaves
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| Prairie | Grasslands, differ in length and size depending on rainfall
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| Savanna | warm areas near the equator, 3 seasons wet, dry, and wildfires, some vegetation
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| Tundra | 2 kinds, Alpine, found in high mountains, small plants and wild flowers and Lichens. Arctic, permafrost, no veg. except a few small plants, polar ice caps.
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| Volcanism | The flow of magma under the earth (volcanoes)
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| Coriolis Effect | the earth is rotating which deflects the wind, or bends it, which causes the wind to blow in a strait line
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| Plant Community | a mix of independent plants that naturally grow in one place
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| Environment | the physical condition of the natural suroundings
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| Hemisphere | ½ of the earth, the equator divides it into northern and southern, the prime meridian divides it into eastern and western.
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| Rachel | Hiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
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Created by:
horsefanatic63