Busy. Please wait.
Log in with Clever
or

show password
Forgot Password?

Don't have an account?  Sign up 
Sign up using Clever
or

Username is available taken
show password


Make sure to remember your password. If you forget it there is no way for StudyStack to send you a reset link. You would need to create a new account.
Your email address is only used to allow you to reset your password. See our Privacy Policy and Terms of Service.


Already a StudyStack user? Log In

Reset Password
Enter the associated with your account, and we'll email you a link to reset your password.

Anatomy & Physiology Fall 2016 FINAL EXAM Review: 1/Atlas, 3, 5, 6, 7 and 8

Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in each of the black spaces below before clicking on it to display the answer.
        Help!  

Question
Answer
The word root "homeo"...   Same  
🗑
The word root "hetero"...   Different  
🗑
An informed, uncertain, but testable idea...   Hypothesis  
🗑
Structure that can be observed with the naked eye...   Gross anatomy  
🗑
Study of cells...   Cytology  
🗑
Study of tissues...   Histology  
🗑
Simplest structures considered to be alive are...   Cells  
🗑
The urethra is found in the __ region of the abdomen...   Hypogastric  
🗑
Organ system concerning the skin...   Integumentary  
🗑
Self-amplifying chain of physiological events...   Positive feedback system  
🗑
Feet flat on the floor and together, forearms supinated, arms down at the sides...   Anatomical position  
🗑
Studying the anatomy of an object/organism by touch...   Palpation  
🗑
The heart is ___ to the lungs...   Medial  
🗑
The sum of all chemical reactions taking place within the body at one time...   Metabolism  
🗑
The greater omentum is ___ to the small intestine...   Superficial  
🗑
The esophagus is ___ to the trachea...   Posterior  
🗑
Organ system that regulates blood volume, controls acid-base balance and stimulates red blood cell production...   Urinary system  
🗑
Words composed of the first letter or few letters of a series of words...   Acronyms  
🗑
Study of structure...   Anatomy  
🗑
Study of function...   Physiology  
🗑
Methods of viewing the inside of the body without surgery have replaced the ___ of the past, which was often very risky and resulted in death due to infection(s)...   Exploratory surgery  
🗑
Much of what we know about body function today has been gained through ___...   Comparative physiology  
🗑
Single, complete individual and the largest level in the hierarchy of complexity...   Organism  
🗑
Masses of similar cells and cell products that form a discrete region of an organ and perform a specific function...   Tissues  
🗑
Theory which refers to the fact that the whole organism cannot be fully explained by the actions of it's parts...   Holism  
🗑
Theory which explains that a large, complex system such as the human body can be better understood by studying it's simpler components...   Reductionism  
🗑
Changes in DNA structure/sequence...   Mutations  
🗑
Cutting and separating tissue to reveal structural relationships...   Dissection  
🗑
Invented many components of the compound microscope and named the tiny "compartments" he observed "cells"...   Robert Hooke  
🗑
Composed of lipids and proteins; surrounds the cellular components...   Plasma membrane  
🗑
Major features of human anatomy have been given standard international names prescribed by the ___....   Terminologia anatomica  
🗑
Physiological effects of a person's mental state are called ___ effects...   Psychosomatic  
🗑
Fine detail, down to the molecular level...   Ultrastructure  
🗑
Rejected all eponyms and gave each structure unique Latin name(s) used world-wide...   Nomina anatomica  
🗑
Tendency of the body to maintain stable internal conditions...   Homeostasis  
🗑
Transformation of cells with no specialized function into cells that are committed to a specific task...   Differentiation  
🗑
Self-correcting mechanisms in physiology are called ___ loops   Negative feedback  
🗑
Terms coined from the names of people...   Eponyms  
🗑
Most cellular membranes are made by the...   Endoplasmic reticulum  
🗑
Membrane carriers resemble enzymes except for the fact that ___ do not chemically change their ligands...   Carriers  
🗑
Aquaporins are transmembrane proteins that promote...   Osmosis  
🗑
Microfilaments, intermediate filaments and microtubules are all part of the...   Cytoskeleton  
🗑
Human cells will swell or shrink in any solution other than a(n) ___ one....   Isotonic  
🗑
___ endocytosis is more selective form of either phagocytosis or pinocytosis...   Receptor-mediated  
🗑
Process by which a physical pressure forces fluid through a selectively permeable membrane....   Filtration  
🗑
Gates in the plasma membrane open or close in response to changes in the electrical charge difference across the membrane...   Voltage-gated channels  
🗑
Process by which a mechanical pressure applied to one side of the system can override osmotic pressure...   Reverse osmosis  
🗑
A concentrated solution that causes a cell to shrink is ___ to the cell...   Hypertonic  
🗑
A diluted solution that cases a cell to swell is ___ to the cell...   Hypotonic  
🗑
Difference in concentration between one point and another...   Concentration gradient  
🗑
Gates in the plasma membrane that open or close when a chemical binds to them...   Liganed-gated channels  
🗑
Fusion of a secretory vesicle with the plasma membrane, and release of it's contents, is called....   Exocytosis  
🗑
Both ___ and peroxisomes allow liver cells to detoxify alcohol and other such substances...   Smooth ER  
🗑
Perforate nuclear envelope and allow limited molecular traffic through the membrane...   Nuclear pores  
🗑
Network of protein filaments and cylinders that structurally support a cell, etc.   Cytoskeleton  
🗑
Composed of carbohydrate moieties of membrane glycolipids and glycoproteins...   Glycocalyx  
🗑
Ability of a microscope to reveal detail...   Resolution  
🗑
Force exerted on a membrane by water...   Hydrostatic pressure  
🗑
Side of membrane facing the cytoplasm...   Intracellular face  
🗑
Side of the cellular membrane facing the tissue fluid...   Extracellular face  
🗑
Hydrostatic pressure required on one side to halt the process of osmosis...   Osmotic pressure  
🗑
Space enclosed by the unit membrane of the Golgi complex and endoplasmic reticulum...   Cisternae  
🗑
Both the nucleus and the ___ are surrounded by a double unit membrane...   Mitochondria  
🗑
When a hormone cannot enter a cell, it activates the formation of a(n) ___ inside the cell...   Second messenger  
🗑
Clear, structure-less gel in a cell...   Cytosol  
🗑
The sodium-potassium pump is a(n)...   Transmembrane protein  
🗑
Cells specialized for absorption of matter from the ECF are likely to show an abundance of...   Microvilli  
🗑
The function of cAMP in a cell is to...   Activate kinases  
🗑
Type of transport that can occur only in a living cell...   Active transport  
🗑
The cotransport of glucose derives it's energy from the ___ concentration gradient of the cell...   Sodium  
🗑
PRocess of imbibing ECF in which the plasma membrane sinks in and pinches off small vesicles containing droplets of fluid...   Pinocytosis  
🗑
Fine thread like material composed of DNA and protein found within the nucleus...   Chromatin  
🗑
Inner membrane of the mitochondria has folds called ___ which project like shelves into the matrix...   Cristae  
🗑
The process by which lysosomes digest and dispose of surplus or non-vital organelles and other cell components in order to cycle nutrients within the cell...   Autophagy  
🗑
A carrier that performs cotransport...   Symport  
🗑
ATP is required in order for this type of transport to occur...   Active transport  
🗑
Hairlike projections along the cell surface which play a sensory role and function in locomotion...   Cilia  
🗑
Direct transport of solute particles by an ATP-using membrane pump...   Primary active transport  
🗑
Movement of material without the aid of ATP...   Passive transport  
🗑
Long, single whip-like projection used primarily in movement...   Flagella  
🗑
Net flow of water through a membrane from high to low concentration...   Osmosis  
🗑
Process of eliminating material from a cell by means of a vesicle fusing with plasma membrane and releasing it's contents...   Exocytosis  
🗑
Transport of solute particles by a carrier that does not in itself use ATP but depends on concentration gradients produced by primary active transport...   Secondary active transport  
🗑
Transport of two or more different solutes in opposite directions...   Countertransport  
🗑
Unpaired centrioles at the base of a cilium or flagellum...   Basal body  
🗑
Two or more solutes being transported in the same direction...   Cotransport  
🗑
Short, densely-packed hair-like processes of scattered bumps o the cell surface; sensory and absorptive functions...   Microvilli  
🗑
Vesicular transport of particles into a cell...   Endocytosis  
🗑
Sacs produced by the Golgi apparatus which contain enzymes for intracellular digestion, etc.   Lysosomes  
🗑
Multiple layers of somewhat squarish, plump cells...   Stratified cuboidal epithelium  
🗑
___ epithelium is found in areas requiring flexibility such as the urinary system...   Trasitional  
🗑
Type of connective tissue used for energy storage, thermal insulation and heat production...   Adipose  
🗑
The ectoderm and mesoderm are both...   Primary germ layers  
🗑
Most abundant formed element in blood...   Erythrocytes  
🗑
Erythrocytes are also known as...   Red blood cells  
🗑
Connections between one cell and another...   Cell junctions  
🗑
Single layer of square to almost rounded cells...   Simple cuboidal epithelium  
🗑
External surface of the stomach is covered by a ___...   Serosa  
🗑
Encircle epithelial cells, joining each cell securely to the other...   Tight junctions  
🗑
The collagen of areolar tissue is produced by...   Fibroblasts  
🗑
Tendons are composed of ___ connective tissue...   Dense regular  
🗑
Shape of the external ear is due to...   Elastic cartilage  
🗑
Most abundant and only significant adipose tissue of the adult body...   Yellow fat  
🗑
Separates the upper layers of epithelial tissue from the connective tissue below, within the skin...   Basement membrane  
🗑
Occur in small numbers in mature organs/tissues through a person's life and have the ability to differentiate into a limited number of cell types...   Adult stem cells  
🗑
Fount in fetuses; store lipids in the form of multiple globules rather than one large one; quick and easy breakdown...   Brown fat  
🗑
Undifferentiated cells that are not yet performing any specialized function...   Stem cells  
🗑
Relatively stiff connective tissue with a flexible rubbery matrix...   Cartilage  
🗑
Premature, pathological tissue death...   Necrosis  
🗑
Artificial production of tissue and organs in the lab for implantation...   Tissue engineering  
🗑
Osseous tissue...   Bone  
🗑
Replacement of dead or damaged cells by the same cell type present beforehand...   Regeneration  
🗑
Replacement of dead or damaged cells with scar tissue...   Fibrosis  
🗑
Programmed cell death...   Apoptosis  
🗑
Most abundant, widely distributed and variable tissue in the body...   Connective tissue  
🗑
Hereditary defect in elastin which tends to show up as hyper-extensible joints, vision problems, abnormally long limbs and tall stature...   Marfan syndrome  
🗑
Tissue growth through cell multiplication...   Hyperplasia  
🗑
Muscles that are not exercised exhibit disuse ___ and their cells become smaller...   Atrophy  
🗑
Fluid connective tissue that travels through tubular vessels carrying nutrients throughout the body...   Blood  
🗑
Occupies the 'empty space' within a tissue...   Ground substance  
🗑
Basis for excitation...   Membrane potential  
🗑
Constitute most of the volume of the nervous tissue...   Glial cells  
🗑
Densely packed, parallel and often wavy collagen fibers...   Dense regular connective tissue  
🗑
Found in the heart...   Cardiac muscle  
🗑
Gland which maintains contact with surface/cavity by means of a duct...   Exocrine  
🗑
Gland which releases secretion by exocytosis...   Merocrine  
🗑
Glandular secretion contains the product and the disintegrated cellular parts...   Holocrine  
🗑
Lacks striations and is voluntary...   Smooth muscle  
🗑
Loose network of reticular fibers and cells, infiltrated with numerous leukocytes...   Reticular tissue  
🗑
Product of a gland which is beneficial to the body....   Secretion  
🗑
Type of gland which releases products into the blood stream; has no duct...   Endocrine  
🗑
Waste product removed by means of a gland...   Excretion  
🗑
Abnormal redness of the skin...   Erythema  
🗑
Brownish black form of melanin...   Eumelanin  
🗑
Bruise...   Hematoma  
🗑
Cancer-causing radiation which leaks through our ozone layer and can be a culprit in skin cancer...   Ultraviolet radiation  
🗑
Covers the body and provides a barrier to pathogens and to excessive water loss...   Skin  
🗑
Dilating of blood vessels; plays a role in relieving body of excess heat...   Vasodilation  
🗑
Genetic lack of melanin...   Albinism  
🗑
Immune cells of the epidermis...   Dendritic cells  
🗑
Majority of epidermal cells...   Keratinocytes  
🗑
Needed for bone development and maintenance; skin is the first step of its synthesis...   Vitamin D  
🗑
Red pigment of blood...   Hemoglobin  
🗑
Reddish-yellow form of melanin...   Pheomelanin  
🗑
Scientific study and medical treatment of the integumentary system...   Dermatology  
🗑
Tough protein which fills the upper epidermal cells forming a water-proof barrier...   Keratin  
🗑
Undifferentiated cells that divide and give rise to the keratinocytes...   Stem cells  
🗑
___ sweating is sweating without noticeable wetness of the skin while maintaining a normal body temperature...   Insensible  
🗑
A(n) ___ burn destroys the entire dermis...   Third degree  
🗑
A hair is nourished by blood vessels in a connective tissue projections called the ___...   Dermal papillae  
🗑
A muscle that causes a hair to stand on end in a "fight or flight" sort of response...   Piloerector muscle  
🗑
Cells which synthesis melanin and aid in the overall production of pigmentation...   Melanocytes  
🗑
Blueness of the skin due to low oxygen concentration of the blood...   Cyanosis  
🗑
Cerumen...   Earwax  
🗑
The ___ consists mainly of a single layer of cuboidal to columnar stem cells and keratinocytes rising from the basement membrane..   Stratum basale  
🗑
Hairs grow only during the ___ phase of the hair cycle...   Anagen  
🗑
Composed of clumps of dander stuck together by sebum...   Dandruff  
🗑
Holocrine glands that secrete into a hair follicle...   Sebaceous glands  
🗑
Process of removing burned skin from a burn patient...   Debridement  
🗑
Condition in which hair is lost from select regions of the scalp rather than thinning uniformly...   Pattern baldness  
🗑
Cells of this layer are keratinized and dead...   Stratum corneum  
🗑
The ___ is formed at the point where epidermal cells pass from stratum spinosum to stratum granulosum...   Epidermal water barrier  
🗑
Skin condition/appearance which most likely results from liver malfunction...   Jaundice  
🗑
Hair on a 6-year old child's arm is most likely...   Vellus hair  
🗑
Scent gland...   Apocrine gland  
🗑
Skin cells with a sensory role...   Tactile cells  
🗑
Skin cells with an immune system role...   Dendritic cells  
🗑
Gland which plays a role in the sense of hearing...   Ceruminous glands  
🗑
Most common type of skin cancer...   Basale cell carcinoma  
🗑
Burns which involve the epidermis and just part of the dermis...   Second degree  
🗑
The femur is an example of a ___ bone...   Long  
🗑
The vertebrae are great examples of ___ bones...   Irregular  
🗑
The reduction in calcium excretion, increase intestinal calcium absorption and increased calcitrol synthesis are all effects of ...   PTH  
🗑
Poor nutrition, lack of vitamin D and lack of exercise are all risk factors of ...   Osteoporosis  
🗑
Have a ruffled border and secrete hydrochloric acid...   Osteoclasts  
🗑
Forms blood cells and platelets...   Blood marrow  
🗑
___ give bones rigidity and mild flexion which helps them to support weight and not shatter...   Collagen fibers  
🗑
A ___ is a common sign of osteoporosis...   Wrist fracture  
🗑
One long bone meets another at it's ___...   Epiphysis  
🗑
Osteoclasts are most closely related, by common descent, to...   Blood cells  
🗑
The marrow cavity of an adult bone may contain...   Myeloid tissue  
🗑
A spurt of growth in puberty results from cell proliferation and hypertrophy in the...   Epiphyseal plate  
🗑
The walls between cartilage lacunae break down in the zone of...   Bone deposition  
🗑
Thin layer of reticular connective tissue which lines the internal marrow cavity..   Endosteum  
🗑
Tiny cavities that contain the osteocytes...   Lacunae  
🗑
Stem cells which develop from embryonic mesenchymal cells...   Osteogenic cells  
🗑
Calcium phosphate crystallizes in bone as a mineral known as...   Hydroxyapatite  
🗑
Tiny channels through which each osteocyte has contact to the cells around it...   Canaliculi  
🗑
Addition of cells to the surface...   Appositional growth  
🗑
Seed crystals of hydroxyapatite from only when the levels of Ca and P in the tissue fluid exceed what's known as the ___   Solubility product  
🗑
Calcium deficiency...   Hypocalcemia  
🗑
Cells that secrete collagen and stimulate calcium phosphate deposition...   Osteoblasts  
🗑
Most active form of Vitamin D produced mainly by the kidneys...   Calcitrol  
🗑
Bone is often referred to as a ___, a combination of two basic structure materials that combine the optimal properties of each...   Composite  
🗑
Transitional region between the epiphyseal cartilage and primary marrow cavity of a young bone...   Metaphysis  
🗑
Softening of the bones sometimes experienced by pregnant or poorly nourished women...   Osteomalacia  
🗑
Condition in which long bones of the limbs stop growing in childhood while other bone growth is unaffected...   Achondroplasia dwarfism  
🗑
Growth from withing by the multiplication and deposition of new cells in the interior matrix...   Interstitial growth  
🗑
Former osteoblasts...   Osteocytes  
🗑
Calcified epiphyseal plate...   Ephiphyseal line  
🗑
Formation of bone is called ossification or ___...   Osteogenesis  
🗑
Spongy bone consists of a lattice of delicate slivers of bone called spicules and ___...   Trabeculae  
🗑
___ marrow is found in adults and no longer produces blood.   Yellow  
🗑
The trabeculae of spongy bone orient themselves along lines of ___ applied by the weight of the body and it's movements...   Mechanical stress  
🗑
The ___ is the basic structural unit of compact bone...   Osteon  
🗑
Collagen fibers from the periosteum which become continuous with that of the tendons binding muscle to bone...   Perforating fibers  
🗑
Adult form of rickets...   Osteomalacia  
🗑
Break in the bone weakened by some other disease/disorder...   Pathological fracture  
🗑
Carpals and tarsals are ___ bones...   Short  
🗑
Central cavity found in a long bone...   Medullary cavity  
🗑
Composed of bones, cartilages and ligaments...   Skeletal system  
🗑
Connective tissue in which matrix is hardened by deposition of calcium phosphate and other minerals...   Osseous tissue  
🗑
Covers surface of the bone which is part of a joint...   Articular cartilage  
🗑
Fracture caused by abnormal trauma to a bone...   Stress fracture  
🗑
Minute holes penetrating the bone...   Nutrient foramina  
🗑
Shaft of the bone...   Diaphysis  
🗑
Sheath which covers the external portion of a bone...   Periosteum  
🗑
Spongy layer of bone in the cranium...   Diploe  
🗑
Sternum and shoulder blade...   Flat bones  
🗑
Study of bone...   Osteology  
🗑
Layers of matrix which is secreted in concentric patterns...   Lamellae  
🗑
___ vertebrae do NOT have transverse foramina.   Thoracic  
🗑
The leg, which extends from knee to ankle   Crural region  
🗑
Most distinctive features include a thick stout body and blunt, squarish spinous process for attachment of muscles...   Lumbar vertebrae  
🗑
The tubercle of a rib articulates with the ___ of a vertebrae   Transverse process  
🗑
The bone that supports your body weight when you are sitting down is the...   Ischium  
🗑
The disc-shaped head of the radius articulates with the ___ of the humerus.   Capitulum  
🗑
Region of the skeleton which consists of the bones providing structure to the body's torso.   Axial  
🗑
The region of the skeleton which consist of the bones of the appendages and their attachments to the torso.   Appendicular  
🗑
The most complex part of the skeleton, with a total of twenty-two bones.   Skull  
🗑
Immovable joints which join the bones of the skull together.   Sutures  
🗑
Bones that are included in the skull and lie anterior to the cranial cavity.   Facial  
🗑
Supports body weight and allows for movement of our upper torso and head   Vertebral column  
🗑
Supports the arm and links it to the axial skeleton   Pectoral girdle  
🗑
Most commonly fractures bone in the body.   Clavicle  
🗑
Point of the shoulder is due to the ___, a projection of the scapula.   Acromion  
🗑
Articulates with the glenoid cavity of the shoulder blade.   Humerus  
🗑
Has a trochlear notch which articulates with the trochlea of the humerus.   Ulna  
🗑
Lateral forearm bone   Radius  
🗑
The thumb   Pollex  
🗑
Marks the front portion of our pelvic girdle, where two pelvic bones come together.   Pubic symphysis  
🗑
The femur meets the ___ to form the knee joint.   Tibia  
🗑
Bony outgrowth or protruding part   Protuberance  
🗑
Rough elevated surface   Tuberosity  
🗑
Rounded knob that articulates with another bone   Head  
🗑
Shallow, broad or elongated basin   Fossa  
🗑
Small pit   Fovea  
🗑
Smooth, flat and slightly concave/convex articular surface   Facet  
🗑
Air filled space in a bone   Sinus  
🗑
Two massive processes unique to the femur   Trochanters  
🗑
Funnybone   Humeral epicondyle  
🗑
Attached to the thorax only my muscles   Scapula  
🗑
Bones of fingers and toes   Phalanges  
🗑
Leg bone which does not bear any of the body's weight   Fibula  
🗑
Longest and strongest bone of the body   Femur  
🗑
Medial forearm bone   Ulna  
🗑
Shin bone   Tibia  
🗑
Supports arm and links it to the axial skeleton   Pectoral girdle  
🗑
Lateral forearm bone   Radius  
🗑
Canal through a bone   Meatus  
🗑


   

Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
 
To hide a column, click on the column name.
 
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
 
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
 
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.

 
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.

  Normal Size     Small Size show me how
Created by: SavannahElkins
Popular Science sets