Introduction to Physical Science D-12 Study Guide
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| Heating Baking Soda: what did you observe at the bottom of the test tube? | a white powder
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| Heating baking soda: what did you observe near the top of the test tube | condensation a clear liquid
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| Heating baking soda: what did you observe in the inverted bottle | Gas collects and pushes water out/bubbles
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| Heating Baking Soda: where do you think the gas came from? | baking soda, air on the outside (condensation)
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| Explain the tea test. What did you do? (# of test tubes) and why did you do this? | took 2 test tubes 1 with heated bakind soda and 1 with with fresh baking soda, I addded tea to each as a color indicator to see if the substances are the same. Is the heated baking soda still baking soda?
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| Volume: How do you determine the volume of a brick? | Length X Width X Height
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| Volume: What are the units for volume of a brick | cm3
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| Volume: How do you measure the volume of a liquid? | Put it in a graduated cylinder and read the volume
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| Volume: What are the units for volume of a liquid | ML
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| Volume: How many cm are there in a meter | 100 cm
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| Volume: To determine the volume of an irregular solid, what two measurements must be subtracted from each other? | volume after - volume before
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| Reading Scales: How many millimeters in a centimeter | 10mm
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| Reading Scales: How would you record the length of an object that appears to be halfway between 2.3 cm and 2.4 cm? | 2.35 Cm
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| Reading Scales: When reading the volume of a liquid in a graduated cylinder do you read the top or the bottom of the liquid? | bottom
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| Reading Scales: What is the curve of a liquid called? | minicus
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| Measuring Volume bu Displacement of Water: If the: Volume of Dry sand is 54 cm3 Volume of water is 22 cm3 Volume of sand and water is 63 cm3 What is Volume of sand only? What is Volume of Air?Fraction of air (expressed as a decimal | Sand only = 41 cm3
Air = 13 cm3
Fraction of air expressed as a decimal = .24
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| Limitations of volume as a measure of matter: The main point of this section is that volume ________ a;ways a good measure of the amount of a substance.always a good measure of the amount of a substance. | Is Not
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| limitations of Volume as a Measure of Matter: Volume is not always a good measure of the amount of a substance because volume is not always _________________ when mixing matter | Conserved
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| Mass-the Equal Arm Balance: When the bar of an equal-arm balance is ________ the objects have the same mass | horizontal
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| Mass-the Equal Arm Balance: one kilo gram = how many grams | 1000
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| Mass-the Equal Arm Balance: One kilogram = how many pounds | 2.2
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| Single pan and Electronic Balances: The sliding masses on a balance commonly in a physicians off are called | riders
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| Single pan and Electronic Balances: Electronic balances have 2 advantages. First, it takes only __________________ to mass an object. Second, in many experiments you will need to determine the mass of a liquid or powder in a container. | a few seconds
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| Single pan and Electronic Balances: An electronic balance can _________ the mass of the container and give you the mass of the contents only. | subtract
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| The Mass of Dissolved Salt: what is the formula for change in mass | Final - initial
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| The Mass of Dissolved Salt: If the change in mass is +, this indicated that: | mass increased
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| The Mass of Dissolved Salt: If the change in the mass is -, this indicates that | mass decreased
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| Histograms: Calculating the difference between two measurements________ the uncertainty. | Doubles
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| Histograms: When data is on the border between two bins, it is placed in the bin to the | right
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| Histograms: Negative numbers are to the ______ of the zero | left
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| Histograms: Positive numbers are to the _________ of the zero | right
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| To avoid drawing misleading conclusion from histograms, try to set the borders between intervals so the results that occur most often fit 1)_________ inside intervals rather than on the 2)_______ | 1)inside
2)borders
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| The Mass of Ice and Water: As Ice melts, its volume _____________ | Decreases
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| The Mass of Ice and Water: as ice melts, in a closed container, mass ___________________________ | stays the same
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| The Mass of Ice and Water: Did condensation form on the outside of the container in this experiment? | yes
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| The Mass of Ice and Water: If condensation did form, what should you do about it? | wipe it off so it doesn't change the mass
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| The mass of Copper and Sulfur: The formula for percent change in mass is ? | (final-initial
initial) x100
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| The mass of Copper and Sulfur: What kind of system is used in this experiment? | Closed experiment
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| The mass of Copper and Sulfur: At the end of the experiment, the substance in the bottom of the test tube is a) Sulfur b) Copper c) a new substance | c) a new substance
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| The Mass of Gas: In this experiment, does the mass change | no
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| The Mass of Gas: What is formed in this experiment | Gas
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| The Mass of Gas: Does Gas have mass? | yes
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| The Conservation of Mass: A closed system is a setup in which nothing is 1)________ or 2)__________ | 1) added
2) lost
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| The Conversation of Mass: The Law of Conservation of Mass states that nothing is 1)____________ or 2)_______ in a closed system | 1) gained
2) lost
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| The Conservation of Mass: Is volume always conserved? | No
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| The Conservation of Mass: In a closed system, is mass conserved? | Yes
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| Laws of Nature: If you do an experiment that appears to violate a law of nature, are you punished? | no
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| Properties of Substances and Properties of Objects: A Characteristic property is characteristic of the ______ _________________ not the object | substance
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| Properties of Substances and Properties of Objects: Is mass a property | No
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| Properties of Substances and Properties of Objects: Is volume a characteristic property | No
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| Properties of Substances and Properties of Objects: Is shape a characteristic property | No
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| Properties of Substances and Properties of Objects: Is the ability to be bent a characteristic property? | yes
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| Properties of Substances and Properties of Objects: which of the words below refer to substance: a clear, round, small, heavy, glass marble | glass, clear
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| Properties of Substances and Properties of Objects: Which of the words below refer to the object: a clear, round, small, heavy, glass marble | round, small, heavy, marble
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| Mass and Volume: IF the volume of an object doubles, its mass____________. | Doubles
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| Density: What is the formula of Density? | D= M over V
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| Density: What are the units for density? | g/m. g/cm3
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| Density: Is Density a characteristic property? | yes
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| the Density of a solid? How do you determine the volume of a regular shaped object? | L x W x H
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| The density of a solid: What are the units for volume? | Cm3
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| Freezing and Melting: A plateau (flat line) on a graph means one of two things. One, this temperature indicates a _______________ (freezing/melting point or boiling point) | phase change
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| Graphing: the __________ variable is graphed on the x axis | independent
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| Graphing: the x-axis is the _____________ axis | horizontal
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| The ________________________ variable is graphed on the y-axis | dependent
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| The y axis is the ___________________ axis | vertical
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| Boiling Point and Air Pressure: Boiling point _________ as elevation increases | decreases
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| Boiling Point and Air Pressure: The boiling point of water is ________ in Miami, Florida than it is in Colorado Springs, CO | Higher
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| Concentration: Concentration is often expresses as grams/_______ cm3 | 100
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| Heating Baking Soda: Where do the droplets on the test tube come from? | Heating the test tube creates moisture
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| Sensitivity of balance: A rectangle has a mass of | 0.0063 g.
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| The Density of liquid: How do you determine the density of a liquid? You put a 10 ml 1)________ on the balance & press 2)____________then you pour 3) ______ if the liquid into the 4)_______. You read the mass on the 5)________ & the volume on the6)_______ | 1) graduated cylinder
2) Tare
3) 8-9 mls
4) graduated cylinder
5) balance
6) graduated cylinder
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| Freezing and Melting: Does the temperature at which a substance freezes/melts depend on the amount that was cooled/warmed? | No
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| Freezing and Melting: A solid 1)________ at the same temperature that the liquid form of the same substance freezes. Thus the melting point and the freezing point of a substance are 2)______. | 1) melts
2) the same
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| Boiling Point: Does the boiling point of a liquid depend on the amount of liquid | no
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| Boiling Point: Is the boiling point a characteristic property? | yes
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| Concentration: the formula for concentration is: | Solute/solvent
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| Concentration: Solute is: | the substance that gets dissolved
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| Concentration: Solvent is: | the substance that does the dissolving
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| Concentration: Solution is: | Solute and solvent mixed together
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| Concentration: Solubility is the concentration of a? | saturated solution
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| Concentration: Solubility is a characteristic property of both the 1) _____ and 2)_____ | 1) solute
2) solvent
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| The effect of temperature on Solubility: precipitates means | when a solid crystallizes out of a saturated solution we say the solid precipitates out of a saturated solution. We say the solid precipitates out of the solution
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| The effect of temperature on Solubility: Precipitate means | the solid that precipitated out
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| The effect of temperature on Solubility: Solubility _______________ with an increase in temperature | Increases
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| Wood Alcohol and Grain Alcohol: Wood alcohol (methanol) and grain Alcohol (ethanol) have nearly the same density but different 1) ___________ points and 2) ___________ points | 1) Melting
2) Boiling
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| Wood Alcohol and Grain Alcohol: Methanol is very ___________________ | poisonous
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| Wood Alcohol and Grain Alcohol: Isopropyl alcohol is commonly called | rubbing alcohol
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| Isopropanol as a Solvent: Is citric acid soluble in Isopropanol?1)_______________ 2) Water _____________ | 1)yes
2)yes
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| Isopropanol as a Solvent: Is sugar soluble in Isopropanol? 1)___________ In water? 2)__________ | 1)No
2)yes
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| Isopropanol as a Solvent: Is TOP souble in Isopropanol? 1)____________ In water 2) _______________ | 1) yes
2) no
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| Isopropanol as a Solvent: Is baking soda soluble in Isopropanol? 1)___________ In water 2) _______________ | 1)no
2) yes
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| the Solubility of gases: The solubility of a gas ______________ as the temperature increases | Decreases
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| Acid Rain and Global Warming: Acidic Solutions are: | Solutions that have a sour taste and are able to dissolve minerals and metals to a much greater extent than water
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| Acid Rain and Global Warming: Carbonic Acid is: | An acid solution formed by raindrops dissolving carbon dioxide as they pass the the atmosphere
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| Acid Rain and Global Warming: Global warming is: | An increase in the average temp due to CO2 being produced and added to the atmosphere when coal, oil, wood and gasoline are burned
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| Acid Rain and Global Warming: Acid Rain is: | Water falling to the earth that contains dissolved sulfur dioxide
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| Drinking Water: What is hard water and how does it effect soaps? | Hard water is water containing excessive amounts of calcium carborate. Soaps do not later or clean effectively in it.
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| Drinking Water: Drinking water with a high enough concentration of lead can cause damage to the 1)_________ and other parts of the 2) ____________________ | 1) Brain
2) Nervous System
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| Drinking Water: L:ead is more harmful than other substances that are in drinking water because led is not _______________ from the body as quickly | eliminated
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| Drinking Water: Instead of being eliminated from the body quickly, lead 1)____________ in the body so its concentration 2)____________ as time passes | 1) accumulates
2) Increases
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| Fractional Distillation: How do you know when to switch tubes | 1-2 minutes into a plateau
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| Fractional Distillation: How do you determine how many substances in the mixture | Run fractional distillation to find Plateau
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| Fractional Distillation: What did you do to determine the density of the liquid | grad cylinder to mass volume
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| Fractional Distillation: If given 3 different mixtures, the density of fraction 2 density would be? | Between .79-1.00
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| Petroleum: If 2 boiling points are close together what might happen? | hard to separate
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| Petroleum: If 2 boiling points are further apart, what will your fractions look like? | Easy to separate
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| Petroleum: Petroleum comes from 1) ______ and 2)______ | 1) Plants
2) Animals
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| Petroleum: Fractionating column means | How petroleum is separated
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| Petroleum: Whys is it possible to make gasoline | BP Characteristics Property
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| Separation of Insoluble Solids: Separation by flotation | Different density
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| Separation of Insoluble Solids: Density - what will float and what will sink in water(1.00g/cm3) 1) 1.72g/cm3 float or sink 2) .82g/cm3 float or sink | 1) Sink
2) Float
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| Separation of a Mixture of Solids: Filtrate means: | Goes through the gate
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| Separation of a Mixture of Solids: Filtride means | Takes a ride
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| Separation of a Mixture of Soluble Solids: Fraction crystallization | using different temp to separate substances
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| Separation of a Mixture of Soluble Solids: What is the advantage to separating substances at different temperatures - think back on your solubility lab | Some solubility are at different temps
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| Separation of a Mixture of Soluble Solids: Hos do you calculate Solubility | solute over solvent
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| Paper Chromatography: Define Chromatography | separation of molecules
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| Paper Chromatography: Why do substances separate | Size of molecules
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| Solubility Calculation: | gas over solid
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