AP Biology - Chapter 14 - DNA Technology
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| Define biotechnology. | The genetic manipulation of organisms.
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| What is meant by "recombinant DNA technology" | It can multiply again over and over.
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| List some of the organisms we have been modifying for many hundreds of years. | Plants and animals.
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| Why are bacteria ideal workhorses for biotechnology? | They can multiply.
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| What are other organisms used in biotechnology? | Foods.
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| How does gene cloning differ from human cloning? | Genes can be exactly alike.
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| Why is DNA cloning considered an important technology? | To strengthen the limits of technology.
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| What are plasmids? | Small circular peice of DNA for cloning.
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| What is the function of restriction enzymes in bacteria? | Restrict certain enzyme to pass through bacteria.
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| How do bacteria protect their DNA from the effects of the restriction enzymes? | They protect the bacteria from viruses.
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| How do biologists make use of restriction enzymes? | They put in a H bond.
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| What is a genomic library? | Cut up genomic DNA from many cells with restriction enzyme.
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| How is cDNA different from typical eukaryote DNA? | It's a collection of only coding sequences of expressed genes.
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| How can transformed bacteria that carry genes of interest be identified and isolated from the majority of non-transformed bacteria? | By separating all the genes and picking that one.
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| What can be accomplished with Nucleic Acid Hybridization? | Can get new genes.
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| What is the purpose of the Polymerase Chain Reaction? | Makes a chain go.
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| List some advantages & uses of the PCR technique. | Requires no cleanup of unwanted cell debrie
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| How are DNA fragments of different sizes separated? | Arqrose gel
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| What is a RFLP? How are they made? | Two pecies of DNA compared on gel electrophorsin
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| What does the technique of Southern Blotting accomplish? | Locate sequence on a gel by transfering DNA from gel to filter paper
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| What are some other techniques that build on the Southern Blotting technique? | Transfer DNA from gel to filter paper and hypridzie filter paper with tagged probe.
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| What was the goal of the Human Genome Project? | To sequence entire human genome.
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| List some of the most important theings we learned by completing the Human Genome Project. | Blueprint of human and the potential to change science and medicince.
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| What is the Sanger Sequencing Method used for? | Flourescent tagging and automated reading.
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| How does the shot -gun approach differ from the whole-genome sequencing? | The shotgun appproach tries to match up the different genes
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| In the future, DNA chips may be used for regular diagnostics. What do the florescent spots indicate when the chip is read? | DNA synthesis.
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| How can DNA technology be used to diagnose a carrier of a genetic disorder? | To tell if there is a break in the strand.
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| What is the goal of gene therapy? | To slow down to genes or medical treatment.
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| How has forensics made use of DNA technology? Give a specific example. | In fingerprint scanning they can tell if a person's fingerprint matches the evidence.
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| What is currently used by the FBI to do a DNA fingerprint in a criminal investigation? | Using it to find a suspect.
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| What is the primary goal of recombinant DNA technology? | To enable scientists to obtain many copies of any specific DNA segment for the purpose of studying it biochemically.
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| Restriction enzymes are | molecular scissors.
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| Recombinant DNA forms when | DNA is spliced into a vector.
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| DNA can be | cloned inside cells.
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| A genomic library contains fragments of all | DNA in the genome.
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| A complementary genetic probe detects a | specific DNA sequence.
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| A cDNA library is complementary to mRNA and does not | contain introns.
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| The polymerase chain reaction is a technique for | amplifying DNA in vitro.
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| Gel electrophoresis is used for | separating macromolecules.
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| What is one way to characterize DNA? | Determine its sequence of nucleotides.
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| On whose methods is DNA sequencing based on? | Sanger and Gilbert.
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| Entire genomes have been sequenced using | automated DNA sequencing.
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| DNA technology has revolutionized | medicine and pharmacology.
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| DNA typing has applications ranging from | forensics to analyzing ancient DNA.
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| Transgenic organisms have incorporated | foreign DNA into their cells.
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| What does gene targeting reveal? | Gene function.
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| Mutagenesis screening reveals the | genes involved in a particular phenotype.
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| Transgenic animals can produce | genetically engineered proteins.
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| Transgenic plants are increasingly important in | agriculture.
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| Heterochromatin | increased methylation of histones adn cytosines; found in regions of few genes
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| Euchromatin | decreased methylation of histones and cytosines; found in regions of many genes
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