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AP Biology

AP Biology - Chapter 14 - DNA Technology

QuestionAnswer
Define biotechnology. The genetic manipulation of organisms.
What is meant by "recombinant DNA technology" It can multiply again over and over.
List some of the organisms we have been modifying for many hundreds of years. Plants and animals.
Why are bacteria ideal workhorses for biotechnology? They can multiply.
What are other organisms used in biotechnology? Foods.
How does gene cloning differ from human cloning? Genes can be exactly alike.
Why is DNA cloning considered an important technology? To strengthen the limits of technology.
What are plasmids? Small circular peice of DNA for cloning.
What is the function of restriction enzymes in bacteria? Restrict certain enzyme to pass through bacteria.
How do bacteria protect their DNA from the effects of the restriction enzymes? They protect the bacteria from viruses.
How do biologists make use of restriction enzymes? They put in a H bond.
What is a genomic library? Cut up genomic DNA from many cells with restriction enzyme.
How is cDNA different from typical eukaryote DNA? It's a collection of only coding sequences of expressed genes.
How can transformed bacteria that carry genes of interest be identified and isolated from the majority of non-transformed bacteria? By separating all the genes and picking that one.
What can be accomplished with Nucleic Acid Hybridization? Can get new genes.
What is the purpose of the Polymerase Chain Reaction? Makes a chain go.
List some advantages & uses of the PCR technique. Requires no cleanup of unwanted cell debrie
How are DNA fragments of different sizes separated? Arqrose gel
What is a RFLP? How are they made? Two pecies of DNA compared on gel electrophorsin
What does the technique of Southern Blotting accomplish? Locate sequence on a gel by transfering DNA from gel to filter paper
What are some other techniques that build on the Southern Blotting technique? Transfer DNA from gel to filter paper and hypridzie filter paper with tagged probe.
What was the goal of the Human Genome Project? To sequence entire human genome.
List some of the most important theings we learned by completing the Human Genome Project. Blueprint of human and the potential to change science and medicince.
What is the Sanger Sequencing Method used for? Flourescent tagging and automated reading.
How does the shot -gun approach differ from the whole-genome sequencing? The shotgun appproach tries to match up the different genes
In the future, DNA chips may be used for regular diagnostics. What do the florescent spots indicate when the chip is read? DNA synthesis.
How can DNA technology be used to diagnose a carrier of a genetic disorder? To tell if there is a break in the strand.
What is the goal of gene therapy? To slow down to genes or medical treatment.
How has forensics made use of DNA technology? Give a specific example. In fingerprint scanning they can tell if a person's fingerprint matches the evidence.
What is currently used by the FBI to do a DNA fingerprint in a criminal investigation? Using it to find a suspect.
What is the primary goal of recombinant DNA technology? To enable scientists to obtain many copies of any specific DNA segment for the purpose of studying it biochemically.
Restriction enzymes are molecular scissors.
Recombinant DNA forms when DNA is spliced into a vector.
DNA can be cloned inside cells.
A genomic library contains fragments of all DNA in the genome.
A complementary genetic probe detects a specific DNA sequence.
A cDNA library is complementary to mRNA and does not contain introns.
The polymerase chain reaction is a technique for amplifying DNA in vitro.
Gel electrophoresis is used for separating macromolecules.
What is one way to characterize DNA? Determine its sequence of nucleotides.
On whose methods is DNA sequencing based on? Sanger and Gilbert.
Entire genomes have been sequenced using automated DNA sequencing.
DNA technology has revolutionized medicine and pharmacology.
DNA typing has applications ranging from forensics to analyzing ancient DNA.
Transgenic organisms have incorporated foreign DNA into their cells.
What does gene targeting reveal? Gene function.
Mutagenesis screening reveals the genes involved in a particular phenotype.
Transgenic animals can produce genetically engineered proteins.
Transgenic plants are increasingly important in agriculture.
Heterochromatin increased methylation of histones adn cytosines; found in regions of few genes
Euchromatin decreased methylation of histones and cytosines; found in regions of many genes
Created by: crescenti
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