Cardiovascular System
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| angi/o | blood, lymph vessels
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| aort/o | aorta
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| arter/o, arteri/o | arteries
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| ather/o | plaque, fatty substance
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| brady- | slow
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| card/o, cardi/o | heart
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| coron/o | coronary, crown
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| -emia | blood, blood condition
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| erythr/o | red
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| hem/o, hemat/o | blood, relating to blood
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| leuk/o | white
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| phleb/o | vein
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| tachy- | fast, rapid
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| thromb/o | clot
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| ven/o | vein
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| pericardium | double-walled mambranous sac that encloses heart
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| pericardial fluid | between layers, prevents friction
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| epicardium | external layer, also part of pericardium
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| myocardium | middle and thickest layer
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| endocardium | lining of heart, inner surface
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| atria | 2 upper receiving chambers
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| interatrial septum | separating wall
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| ventricles | 2 lower thicker walled chambers, all vessels leave heart from here
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| interventricular septum | separating wall
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| tricuspid valve | TV, 3 point opening between R atrium and R ventricle
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| pulmonary semilunar valve | half moon opening between R ventricle and pulmonary artery
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| mitral valve | MV, bicuspid, 2 point opening between L atrium and L ventricle
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| aortic semiluna valve | half moon shaped opening between L ventricle and aorta
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| systemic circulation | blood flows to all point except lungs, o2 rich goes out L ventricle into arterial circulation, o2 poor comes in R atrium from veins
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| pulmonary circulation | blood flows between heart and lungs, o2 poor goes out R ventricle to pulmonary arteries to lungs, o2 rich comes in L atrium from pulmonary veins
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| sinoatrial node | natural pacemaker, posterior wall of R atrium, starts contraction of both atria forcing blood into ventricles
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| atrioventricular node | on floor of R atrium, transmits electric umpulses to bundle of his
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| bundle of his | within interventricular septum, carries impulses to purkinje fibers causing ventricles to contract forcing blood into aorta adn pulmonary arteries
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| lumen | opening within arteries, capillaries, and veins
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| arteries | carry o2 rich blood from heart to all points
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| aorta | main trunk, begins from L ventricle
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| coronary artery | branches from aorta, supplies blood to myocardium
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| arterioles | smaller thinner branches, carry blood to capillaries
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| capillaries | smallest vessels in body, connect arterial and venous circulatory systems, exchange o2, nutrients, and waste materials
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| veins | return waste filled blood to heart, thin walled with valves for 1 way flow, venules small veins join up to make larger vein
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| venae cavae | 2 large veins that enter heart
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| superior vena cava | brings blood from upper portion of body
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| inferior vena cava | brings blood from lower portion of body
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| blood pressure | systolic- ventricles contract, highest pressure, diastolic- ventricles relax, lowest pressure
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| blood composition | 55% liquid plasm, 45% formed elements (blood corpuscle)
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| blood corpuscles | red and white blood cells, platelets
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| plasma | straw colored, contains nutrients, hormones, waste products, water, proteins, and clotting proteins
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| serum | plasma with clotting proteins removed
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| fibrinogen and prothrombin | clotting proteins
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| erythrocytes | mature red blood cells
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| hemoglobin | iron containing pigment that transports o2 from lungs to all points
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| reticulocyte | immature erythrocyte with meshlike pattern of threads
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| macrophanges | from spleen,liver, and bone marrow destroy erythrocytes after no longer useful 120 days
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| leukocytes | white blood cells, protects body from harmful bacteria
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| neutrophils | fight infection by phagocytosis, most common of WBC, indicate bacterial infection
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| phagocytosis | process of engulfing and swallowing germs
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| basophils | promote inflammatory response, indicate allergic condition
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| eosinophils | increase in reponse to allergic reaction
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| lymphocytes | protect body against disease
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| monocytes | protect against disease, indicates chronic infection
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| trombocytes | platelets, fragments of large bone marrow cells called megakaryocytes, become sticky and form clots
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| cardiologist | specializes in diagnosing and treating abnormalities, diseases and disorders of heart
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| hematologist | specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases adn disorders of blood and blood forming tissues
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| coronary artery disease | CAD, atherosclerosis of coronary arteries, cause angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, and death
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| end stage CAD | unrelenting angina pain and severly limited lifestyle
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| isch- | hold back
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| ischemia | deficiency in blood supply
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| angina pectoris | choking/suffocating chest pain caused by interference of o2 to myocardium
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| infarct | localized area of necrosis caused by interruption of blood supply
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| prolapse | falling down
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| cardiac arrhythmia | dysrhythmia, irregularity or loss of normal rhythm
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| fibrillation | rapid, random, and ineffective contractions of heart
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| perfusion | flow of blood through the vessels of an organ
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| aneurysm | localized weak spot, balloon-like enlargement of wall of artery, ruptures often fatal
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| thrombus | blood clot attached to interior wall of vein or artery
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| occlusion | blockage in canal, vessel, or passageway
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| embol | something inserted
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| embolus | foreign object, blood clot, air, gas, tissue, or tumor, circulating in blood
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| embolism | blockage of vessel by embolus
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| -crasia | mixture, blending
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| chromat/o | color
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| hemochromatosis | iron overload disease
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| septicemia | blood poisoning
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| cholesterol | lipids (fatty substances) travel in packages called lipoproteins
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| low-density lipoprotein cholesterol | LDL, bad, contribute to plaque buildup
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| high-density lipoprotein cholesterol | HDL, good, doesn't contribute to plaque buildup
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| triglycerides | combination of fatty acids attached to glycerol found normally in blood in limited quantities
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| homocysteine | amino acid normally found in blood, used to build tissue, high levels can damage arterial walls and increase rick of CAD
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| -penia | deficiency
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| plast/o | growth, mold
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| -lytic | destroy
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| essential hypertension | primary, idiopathic, unknown origin
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| secondary hypertension | caused by different medical problem, when other problem cured hypertension should resolve
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| percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty | balloon angioplasty
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| coronary artery bypass graft | CABG, bypass surgery, vein from leg implanted on heart to bypass blockage in coronary artery
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| minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass | MIDCABG, keyhole/buttonhole bypass
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| defibrillation | cardioversion, use of electric shock to restore hearts normal rhythm
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| cardiopulmonary resuscitation | CPR
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| -stasis | stopping, controlling
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| plasmapheresis | plasma is removed from blood then returned to donor, to reduce/eliminate harmful substances
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