biology143
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| phenotype | apperance or observable traits
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| Genotype | genetic makeup
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| Allele | alternative versions of a gene
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| Autosomes | a chromosome that is not directly involved in determining sex; not a sex chromosome
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| Recessive | has no noticeable effect on the organism's apperance
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| Dominant | determines the organism's appearance
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| Monohybrid | heterozygous for one character
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| Dihybrid | individuals heterozygous for two characters
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| Gamete | transmit genes from one generation
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| Heterozygous | organism that has 2 different alleles for a gene
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| Homozygous | organism that has a pair of identical alleles for a character
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| Karyotype | the resulting order that is displayed
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| Codominance | two alleles both affect the phenotype in seperate, distinguishable ways
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| incomplete dominance | neither allele is completely dominant, F1 hybrids have a phenotype between those two parental varieties.
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| Complete dominance | when one allele shows dominance over another
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| Locus | a specific place along the length of a chromosome where a given gene is located
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| Epistasis | at gene at one locus alters the phenotypic expression of a gene at the second locus
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| polygenic inheritance | an additive effect of two or more genes on a single phenotypic character
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| Multiple alleles | most genes exist in more than two allelic forms,
ABO blood types- IA, IB, i. (group)
Person: (A, B, AB, O )
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| Pleiotropy | multiple phenotypic effects.
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| Kinetochore | a structure of proteins attached to the centromere that links each sister chromatid to the mitotic spindle
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| Centrosome | structure present in the cytoplasm of animal cells, important during cell division, functions as a micro-tubule organizing center; has two centrioles
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| Centromere | the specialized region of the chromosome where two sister chromatids are most closely attached
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| Centriole | a structure in the centrosome of an animal e composed of cylinders of microtubule triplets arranged in a 9+0 pattern. has a pair of centrioles
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| Germ cell | specialized cells that form gametes
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| Zygote | the diploid product of the union of haploid gametes during fertilization; a fertilized egg
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| Gamete | a haploid reproductive cell, such as an egg or sperm. gametes unite during sexual reproduction to produce a diploid zygote
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| Haploid | a cell containing only one set of chromosomes
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| Diploid | a cell containing two sets of chromosomes, one set is inherited from each parent
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| Somatic Cell | any cell in a multicellular organism except a sperm or egg cell
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| Sex cell | egg or sperm
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| F1, F2,F3 generations | 1.) the first filial, or hybrid, offspring in a series of genetic crosses
2.) Offspring resulting from interbreeding of the hybrid F1
3.) the result of the breeding of the F2 generation
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| Truebreeding | Referring to plants that produce offspring of the same variety when they self-pollinate
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| advantage of sexual reproduction | more genetic variation, and survival
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| mitosis | I,P,P,M,A,T(C), 2 diploid daughter cells
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| meiosis | sex cells, same process as mitosis but 2 stages (1 homologous chromosomes are separated but sisters stay together) (2 separate the sister chromatids,
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| if a cell cant pass a G1 checkpoint | goes to G0 checkpoint; resting
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| Protein Kinase | activates or inactivates proteins by adding a phosphate group, phosphorylation, changes the shape
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| X chromosome inactivation | Barr Body, one chromosome in each female becomes inactivated during embryonic development
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| reciprocal chromosomal translocation | flip genes between two chromosomes
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| Chromosomes replicated | Gap 2 of interphase
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| DNA replicated | S phase
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| Anchorage dependent | to divide have to attach to a substratum
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| Density Dependent inhibition | crowded cells stop replicating
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Created by:
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