Neuro
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| the ANS supplies what | visceral tissue, smooth muscles, cardiac muscle, glands
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| sympathetic pre ganglionic neurons originate in the... | spinal cord form T1-L2,3
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| which part of the ANS has a global distribution | the SNS
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| in the SNS, the paravertebral ganglia are located here | sympathetic trunk
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| in the SNS, the prevertebral ganglia are located here | celiac pleux surrounding aorta
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| what is the neurotransmitter released by the pre-ganglionic neuron in both the SNS and PNS | ACh.
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| what NT is released by the post ganglionic neuron in the SNS and what is the exception? | Norepinepherine. the exception is sweat glands, which are innervated by the SNS and the post ganglionic neuron releases Ach.
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| what NT is released by the post ganglionic neuron in the PNS | Ach
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| what are the end organ targets for the SNS? | dilator pupillae m, superior tarsal m, blood vessels, sweat glands
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| parasympathetic pre ganglionic neurons arise from where? | cranial nerves and sacral parasympathetic nuclei
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| pre-ganglionics in the PNS travel a ________ distance before they synapse | long
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| the cranial pre-ganglionic neurons of the parasympathetic system are located here and synapse here. | the einger-westphal nucleus of CN 3, and they synapse at the ciliary ganglion
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| the pre-ganglionic neurons for CN 7 are located in this nucleus and synapse at the... | superior salvatory and synapse at the pterygopalatine ganglion
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| the pre-ganglionic neurons for CN 9 are located in this nucleus and synapse at the... | locatd in the inferior salvatory nucleus and synapse at the otic ganglion
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| parasympathetic pre-ganglionics for CN 10 are located in this nucleus and synapse at these end organs... | dorsal motor nucleus and synapse at heart, lung, digestive tract to the level of the splenic flexure
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| general visceral afferents for cranial nerves 9 and 10 are in this nucleus | nucleus solitarius. controls chemo and baroreceptors of the carotid body and aortic arch, cardiorespiratory, and digestive tract.
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| this is the key brain site for central control of the ANS. it is responsible for hte integration of behavioral, autonomic, and endocrine responses to maintain homeostasis | hypothalamus. other control centers include the limbic system. reticular formation centers in the brainstem such as the cardiac and respiratory centers coordinate activities of individual organ systems.
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| the edinger westphal nucleus is responsible for... | pupillary constriction in response to light, and the accomodation response.
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| these three components are involved in the accomodation response | pupillary constriction, accomodation of the lens ciliary muscle, convergence of the eyes
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| describe what happens to the eye when looking at far away objects? | ciliary muscle is relaxed, suspensory ligament is taut, lens flattens, pupil dilates
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| describe what happens to the eye when looking at objects close up | ciliary muscle is taut, suspensory ligament is relaxed, lens is more round, pupil constricts
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| what are some sympathetic roles of the eye | elevation of the upper lid via superior tarsal muscle, support of the eyeball in the orbit
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| this condition results from disruption of sympathetic pathway to the eye | horners syndrome
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| this results form lesions to CN 3 | impaired pupillary constriciton resulting in unilateral dilated pupil
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| what happens in marcus gunn pupil defect? | direct response to light is decreased or absent, but concensual response is not affected. it is caused by a decreased sensitivity to light resulting from lesions to the optic nerve, retina, or eye
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| what happens in Adie' smyotonic pupil | it is characterized by degeneratoin of hte ciliary ganglion or postganglionic parasympathetic nuerons resulting in a mid-dilated pupil that reacts poorly to light
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| what is the significance if a patient has one pupil dilated, but not the other? | it's a medical emergnecy. it can mean an aneurysm of the posterior communicating artery and CN 3 also gets compressed. it can also be seen in subdural hematomas
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| what are some symptoms of horners syndrome | ipsilateral pupillary constriction, drooping eyelid (ptosis), apparent sinking of eyeball into socket, Anidrosis-lack of sweating,
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| what are some possible locations for lesions cuasing horners syndrome | lateral hypothalamus or brainstem, spinal cord, first and second thoracic roots, carotix plexus, cavernous sinus, orbit
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| this cranial nerve provides parasympathetic input to the lacrimal glands and nasal mucosa, submandibular and sublingual glands | CN 7: superior salivatory nucleus
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| dry mouth that occurs with the fight or flight response is a result of what | inhibitory influence of higher brainstem nuclei
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| this cranial nerve and nucleus provides parasympathetic input to the parotid gland (lesser petrosal nerve to the otic ganglion | CN 9: inferior salivatory nucleus
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| this cranial nerve and nucleus provides general visceral sensation from teh baroreceptors and chemoreceptors in the carotid body | CN9: nucleus solitarius
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| this cranial nerve and nucleus provides prasympathetic innervation to the heart, lungs, and digestive tract. postganglionic parasympathetic neurons are found in terinal ganglia within or near effector organs | CN 10: dorsal motor nucleus of 10.
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| this cranial nerve and nucleus provides general visceral sensation from: baroreceptors and chemoreceptors in the aortic arch, cardiorespiratory system, and digestive tract | CN 10: nucleus solitarius
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