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Autononmics
Neuro
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| the ANS supplies what | visceral tissue, smooth muscles, cardiac muscle, glands |
| sympathetic pre ganglionic neurons originate in the... | spinal cord form T1-L2,3 |
| which part of the ANS has a global distribution | the SNS |
| in the SNS, the paravertebral ganglia are located here | sympathetic trunk |
| in the SNS, the prevertebral ganglia are located here | celiac pleux surrounding aorta |
| what is the neurotransmitter released by the pre-ganglionic neuron in both the SNS and PNS | ACh. |
| what NT is released by the post ganglionic neuron in the SNS and what is the exception? | Norepinepherine. the exception is sweat glands, which are innervated by the SNS and the post ganglionic neuron releases Ach. |
| what NT is released by the post ganglionic neuron in the PNS | Ach |
| what are the end organ targets for the SNS? | dilator pupillae m, superior tarsal m, blood vessels, sweat glands |
| parasympathetic pre ganglionic neurons arise from where? | cranial nerves and sacral parasympathetic nuclei |
| pre-ganglionics in the PNS travel a ________ distance before they synapse | long |
| the cranial pre-ganglionic neurons of the parasympathetic system are located here and synapse here. | the einger-westphal nucleus of CN 3, and they synapse at the ciliary ganglion |
| the pre-ganglionic neurons for CN 7 are located in this nucleus and synapse at the... | superior salvatory and synapse at the pterygopalatine ganglion |
| the pre-ganglionic neurons for CN 9 are located in this nucleus and synapse at the... | locatd in the inferior salvatory nucleus and synapse at the otic ganglion |
| parasympathetic pre-ganglionics for CN 10 are located in this nucleus and synapse at these end organs... | dorsal motor nucleus and synapse at heart, lung, digestive tract to the level of the splenic flexure |
| general visceral afferents for cranial nerves 9 and 10 are in this nucleus | nucleus solitarius. controls chemo and baroreceptors of the carotid body and aortic arch, cardiorespiratory, and digestive tract. |
| this is the key brain site for central control of the ANS. it is responsible for hte integration of behavioral, autonomic, and endocrine responses to maintain homeostasis | hypothalamus. other control centers include the limbic system. reticular formation centers in the brainstem such as the cardiac and respiratory centers coordinate activities of individual organ systems. |
| the edinger westphal nucleus is responsible for... | pupillary constriction in response to light, and the accomodation response. |
| these three components are involved in the accomodation response | pupillary constriction, accomodation of the lens ciliary muscle, convergence of the eyes |
| describe what happens to the eye when looking at far away objects? | ciliary muscle is relaxed, suspensory ligament is taut, lens flattens, pupil dilates |
| describe what happens to the eye when looking at objects close up | ciliary muscle is taut, suspensory ligament is relaxed, lens is more round, pupil constricts |
| what are some sympathetic roles of the eye | elevation of the upper lid via superior tarsal muscle, support of the eyeball in the orbit |
| this condition results from disruption of sympathetic pathway to the eye | horners syndrome |
| this results form lesions to CN 3 | impaired pupillary constriciton resulting in unilateral dilated pupil |
| what happens in marcus gunn pupil defect? | direct response to light is decreased or absent, but concensual response is not affected. it is caused by a decreased sensitivity to light resulting from lesions to the optic nerve, retina, or eye |
| what happens in Adie' smyotonic pupil | it is characterized by degeneratoin of hte ciliary ganglion or postganglionic parasympathetic nuerons resulting in a mid-dilated pupil that reacts poorly to light |
| what is the significance if a patient has one pupil dilated, but not the other? | it's a medical emergnecy. it can mean an aneurysm of the posterior communicating artery and CN 3 also gets compressed. it can also be seen in subdural hematomas |
| what are some symptoms of horners syndrome | ipsilateral pupillary constriction, drooping eyelid (ptosis), apparent sinking of eyeball into socket, Anidrosis-lack of sweating, |
| what are some possible locations for lesions cuasing horners syndrome | lateral hypothalamus or brainstem, spinal cord, first and second thoracic roots, carotix plexus, cavernous sinus, orbit |
| this cranial nerve provides parasympathetic input to the lacrimal glands and nasal mucosa, submandibular and sublingual glands | CN 7: superior salivatory nucleus |
| dry mouth that occurs with the fight or flight response is a result of what | inhibitory influence of higher brainstem nuclei |
| this cranial nerve and nucleus provides parasympathetic input to the parotid gland (lesser petrosal nerve to the otic ganglion | CN 9: inferior salivatory nucleus |
| this cranial nerve and nucleus provides general visceral sensation from teh baroreceptors and chemoreceptors in the carotid body | CN9: nucleus solitarius |
| this cranial nerve and nucleus provides prasympathetic innervation to the heart, lungs, and digestive tract. postganglionic parasympathetic neurons are found in terinal ganglia within or near effector organs | CN 10: dorsal motor nucleus of 10. |
| this cranial nerve and nucleus provides general visceral sensation from: baroreceptors and chemoreceptors in the aortic arch, cardiorespiratory system, and digestive tract | CN 10: nucleus solitarius |
Created by:
aferdo01
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