NCE
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| Define underemployment | when an employee's education or experience exceed the positions requirements.
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| Lifting requirement work classificaitons | the level of lifting ability required for a particular occupation. sedentary=10lbs; light work=20lbs; medium work=50lb.max.; heavy work=100lbs; very heavy=100+
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| Occupational sex segregration | female jobs are thought of as usually having less pay and lower status than work regarded for males.
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| How have women changed the workforce in the US in recent years? | In the past 10 years the number of women working fll time has doubled with almost 50% of the labor force is now female. Women earn 75% of what men earn. Hispanic 48%, African-Amer. 58%, Asian-Amer. 67%; Childbirth is the biggest problem.
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| DOT - dictionary of Occupational Titles | Published by the US dept. of labor, describes more than 12,000 types of occupations and more than 28,000 job titles.
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| O*NET - Occupational Information Network | comprehensive database of occupational information and employee requirements. It features assessment and other occupation exploration tools. Will replace DOT soon.
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| Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA) | 12 weeks of leave w/o pay during a 12 mos. period-for childbirth or b/c of illness of immediate family member.
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| Glass Ceiling | highest level of employment a person is allowed to reach.
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| Leisure | time away from work during which a person can decide what to do-pleasure activities.
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| Career education | programs that add career education to the curricula from k-12 for awareness in elem.; exploration in junior high; preperation in high.
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| Retirement counseling | financial, home, social, and family life; medical and health issues and legal matters.
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| Displaced homemaker | a stay at home mom reentering the workforce or entering it ofr the first time after raising a family -often b/c of a divorce.
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| Dislocated worker | an unemployed person b/c of job elimination, downsizing, company relocation or company closing.
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| Self-directed search (SDS) | tool that lets a person match his or her interests and personality type to careers of the same type. Six categories are realistic, investigative, artistic, social, enterprising, conventional. careers match personalities;
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| Define outsourcing | the shifting of activities to an agency outside a company or organization. Or moving of an operation to a non-U.S. location.
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| Describe the issues faced when counseling dual-career/ dual-earner couples. | inequity of wages, sex-role stereotypes and expectations, inequity of home maintenance and child care respnosibilties and how the money is handled.
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| Internet resource for career development | US Dept. of Education, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Military Career guide, America's Job bank, Monster.com, CareerBuilder, America's Career InfoNet, and Imdiversity- for women and minorities.
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| Counseling for disabled adults | during the intake interview and assessment the counselor should determine if the client has a disabiltiy and to what extent the disabiltiy will limit the choice of career. Be aware of American's With Disabilities Act and state and local laws.
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| Counsling for sexual orientation issues | knowing what companies are ok with employing these folks and what the counselors bias' are.
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| Lifestyle | overal pattern of a person's life including such factors as career, home life, romantic parnter, interests, hobbies, and recreation.
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| Expressed interest | an interest that a person openly says s/he has.
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| manifested interest | an interest that is revealed by what a person does.
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| tested interest | determination of a person's interests through testing.
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| outplacement counseling | employees whose jobs are ending, or job placement services.
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| Occupational Outlook handbook (OOH) | a compilation of data concerning employment trends and outlooks, salaries, required training and educaiton etc. published by Dpt. of Labor.
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| Guide for Occupational Exploration (GOE) | data concerning occupations, skills and abiities, work enviroments, salaries, etc.
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| Workforce Investment Act of 1998 | Federal program that establishes a "one-stop" delivery system for workforce investment and educational services-youth opport., migrant ans seasonal farmworkers, native american programs, job corps, adult literacy, incorp. the rehab act of 1973.
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| 1994 School to Work Opportunities Act | federally funded program to provide money for work-based learning, school-based learning and connecting activities that encourage collaboration between educ. inst. and employers.
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| Hidden Job Market | opportunities that are not advertised and new employees are recruited by networking-approx. 80% of jobs.
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| World of work maps | a graphic illustration of how occupations are related via primary tasks. such as working with date, ideas, people or things.
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| John Crites career development theory | three types of diagnosis; differential, determines the problem, dynamic, identifies the reasons for the problem, decisional, establishes how the problem is dealt with. he developed, used and recommends the Career Maturity Inventory.
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| Social Cognitive Theory of career developemt | Bandura's self-efficacy which is a person's belief or knowledge about what he or she is able to do and is a critical factor in choosing a career is a big part of SCT. Career counseling aims at increasing the client's self-efficacy.
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| Tiedeman and Miller-Tiedeman's decision making model | Erikson's pshychosocial stages-ego related problems were solved. career decisions were related to other decisions one made about other areas of one's life and that each person can choose his or her career. Anticipation/preoccupation;implement/adjust.
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| sociological model of career development | a person chooses a career b/c of sociological reasons. influenced by ethnicity and cultural bckgrd, availability of jobs, relocation, risks involved, education or training availability and the image of workers in a field.
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| constructivism approach to career developement | postmodern approach, each person builds his or her own reality. the counselor helps the clients to understand the meaning of their life stories and the life roles each plays, as well as the relationship between those roles and their values and beliefs.
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| contextualism approach to career development | it acknowleges a close relationship between a person's inner forces and that person's environment. Each person's reality is drawn from his or her perception of an event and that each client has a personal way of organizing information.
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| Explain the limitations of career theories | most of these theories were done on men back in the 1950's and 60's;Few studies are done on women or minority groups. occupations have chged to more technical as well.
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| Life roles by Donald Super | 8 ways (life roles) that people spend their time and energy. child, student, leisurite, citizen, worker, parent, spouse, homemaker.
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| Theory of Ginzberg, Ginsburg, Axelrad and Herma | believe occupational choice can be divided into three periods, Fantasy - Tentative 11-17, realistic - 17 to young adult where a choice is made; exploration, crystallization, specification.
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| Discuss the decision approach to career development | vocational education should be an integral and ongoing part of a persons education. there are two types of decisions, terminal or final and investigatory decisions. We make investigatory decisions until terminal decisions are determined.
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| Gelatt devised a model of career development | that is divided into predictive, value and decision systems.
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| Describe the Circumscription and Compromise theory of career development. | developed by Linda Gottfredson in 1980's. Vocational choices develop in children and teenagers, the are narrowed and inappropriate choices discared as the person develops and learns about career possibilities.
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| what is the actuarial approach to career development. | Frank Parsons, people are rational and capable of making intelligent vocational decisions when they are aware of which careers are best suited to their interests and aptitudes.
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| John Holland's modal personality types | realistic-active and aggressive, investigative-intellectual, creative activ. may have poor social skills, aritstic-imaginitive and expressive. social personality-enjoy interaction w/others, enterprising-extroverted leaders; conventional-practical/account
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| Donald Super's vocational development stages and vocational development tasks | stages- growth,exploratory,establishment,maintenance,decline; Tasks-crystallization,specification, implementation, stabilization, consolidation
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| John Krumboltz's Learning Theory of Career Counseling (LTCC) | Influenced by Bandura, identified four important factors in career related decision making, genetic endowments and special abiities, environmental conditions and events, instrumental and associative learning, task approach skills
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| Super's Archway Model | The archway model delineates the changing diversity of life roles a person experiences over his or her life span and illustrates how biographical, psychological, and socieconomic elements influence the development of a career.
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| The Life Career Rainbow Model | is a graphic illustration in which each colored band represents a life role and numbers around the outer edge indicate age. Helps a person balance life and work that is suited to him or herself.
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| The Career Pattern study | The study revealed that a person who was mature and an achiever while in high school would likely be a successful young adult.
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| Roe's career development theory | Anne Roe determined that genetics, childhood experiences, and the relationship with paernts were contributing factors to the choice of a career.
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| The hexagon and John Holland's theory | graphic illustration of the correlation between his six personality types and six occupational environments or categories that he called themes.
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| The hexagon and John Holland's theory | The themes are positioned on the hexagon so that those with the most similarity are closest together and those with the most difference farther apart. He believed that most people are not clearly of a single personality type, but w/ have charac.of 2 or 2
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| Give a brief history of career development | Jessie B. Davis started in 1898-1907. First school counselor program.Father of vocational counseling Frank Parsons. 1913 Nat. Voc. Guid. Assoc.
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