anatomy ch4 test!
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| integument | keeps water and other precious molecules in the body
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| keratin | prevents water loss from the bodies surface
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| epidermis | made up of stratified squamous epithelium that is capable of keratinizing, or becoming hard and tough
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| dermis | made mostly of dense connective tissue
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| hypodermis | adipose tissue which serves as a shock absorber and insulates the deeper thissues from extreme temperature changes occuring outside the body. also makes up the curbes of woman :D
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| five layers of the epidermis | stratum basale, sponosum, granulosum, lucidum, and corneum
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| keratinocytes | produce keratin
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| keratin | the fibrous protein that makes the epidermis a tough, protective outer layer
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| stratum basale | lies closest to the dermus and contains epidermal cells that receive the most adequate nourishment via diffusion of nutrients from the dermis
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| stratum spinosum | full of keratin.. die and form clear stratum lucidum
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| stratum corneum | 20-30 layers thick. accounts for about three-quarters of the epidermal thickness keeps deeper cells safe from hostile external environment(air) and from water loss. and helps body resist biological,chemical, and physical assults."beauty is only skin deep"
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| melanin | pigment that ranges in color from yellow to brown to black. Is produced by special cells called melanocytes(found in stratum basale).
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| melanocytes | when skin is exposed to sunlight, melanocytes produce more melanin which causes tanning
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| dermis | strong, stretchy envelope that helps hold the body together. inner layer of skin
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| two primary layers of dermis | pappilary layer and dermal papillae
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| skin appendages | cutaneous glands=(hair and hair follicles)
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| sebaceous glands | are founds all over skin except on the palms of hands and soles of feet, (main cause of acne)
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| sebum | product of sebaceous gland which is a mixture of oily substances and fragmented cells.(contains that kills bacteria)
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| 2 main sweat glands | eccrine and apocrine
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| eccrine | produces sweat and some sodium chloride
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| apocrine glands | make you smell musky
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| arrector pili | causes muscles to contract when cold,(also causes goose bumps)
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| nail | scalelike modification of the epidermis that corresponds to the hoof or claw of other animals.
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| burn | is tissue damage and cell death caused by intense heat, electricity, uv radiation (sunburn), or certain chemicals (acids)
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| rule of nines | volume of fluid lost after body is burned.( seperates body into 11 different areas each accounting for 9% of the total body surface area.)
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