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anatomy ch4 test!
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| integument | keeps water and other precious molecules in the body |
| keratin | prevents water loss from the bodies surface |
| epidermis | made up of stratified squamous epithelium that is capable of keratinizing, or becoming hard and tough |
| dermis | made mostly of dense connective tissue |
| hypodermis | adipose tissue which serves as a shock absorber and insulates the deeper thissues from extreme temperature changes occuring outside the body. also makes up the curbes of woman :D |
| five layers of the epidermis | stratum basale, sponosum, granulosum, lucidum, and corneum |
| keratinocytes | produce keratin |
| keratin | the fibrous protein that makes the epidermis a tough, protective outer layer |
| stratum basale | lies closest to the dermus and contains epidermal cells that receive the most adequate nourishment via diffusion of nutrients from the dermis |
| stratum spinosum | full of keratin.. die and form clear stratum lucidum |
| stratum corneum | 20-30 layers thick. accounts for about three-quarters of the epidermal thickness keeps deeper cells safe from hostile external environment(air) and from water loss. and helps body resist biological,chemical, and physical assults."beauty is only skin deep" |
| melanin | pigment that ranges in color from yellow to brown to black. Is produced by special cells called melanocytes(found in stratum basale). |
| melanocytes | when skin is exposed to sunlight, melanocytes produce more melanin which causes tanning |
| dermis | strong, stretchy envelope that helps hold the body together. inner layer of skin |
| two primary layers of dermis | pappilary layer and dermal papillae |
| skin appendages | cutaneous glands=(hair and hair follicles) |
| sebaceous glands | are founds all over skin except on the palms of hands and soles of feet, (main cause of acne) |
| sebum | product of sebaceous gland which is a mixture of oily substances and fragmented cells.(contains that kills bacteria) |
| 2 main sweat glands | eccrine and apocrine |
| eccrine | produces sweat and some sodium chloride |
| apocrine glands | make you smell musky |
| arrector pili | causes muscles to contract when cold,(also causes goose bumps) |
| nail | scalelike modification of the epidermis that corresponds to the hoof or claw of other animals. |
| burn | is tissue damage and cell death caused by intense heat, electricity, uv radiation (sunburn), or certain chemicals (acids) |
| rule of nines | volume of fluid lost after body is burned.( seperates body into 11 different areas each accounting for 9% of the total body surface area.) |