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| The idea that one person is better than another because of their DNA is ? |
Hereditarianism |
| Male infertility can come about generaly for reasons, they are? |
low sperm count & deformed sperm |
| This process allows a woman's egg to be fertilized by a male's sperm outside of the female's body. |
IVF |
| The idea that DNA is inherited entity rather than protein was concluded through the research group was lead by this person. |
Avery |
| The easiest way to analyze the transmission of a genetic trail in humans is through this type of analysis. |
Pedigree |
| This type of genetics allows researchers to study gene products and the actions of these products. |
Molecular Genetics |
| The first hormone developed through genetic technology which allows many individuals to live longer and with improved qualitiy of life is what? |
Insulin |
| A cross between a goat and a sheep is? |
Geep |
| Two reasons why humans are not good subjects for genetic research. |
Long gestation time & small family sizes |
| If a set of DZ twins express the same trait 65% of te time this trait has 0.65 what? |
Concordance |
| Two reasons why carrier testing may be done are? |
Population specific & family history |
| A form of genetic testing that can be used prior to pre-implementation of the organism in the females uterus is? |
Egg/Sperm testing, Polar body/Blastomere testing |
| One ethical issue that could arise due to the advancements in genetic testing is? |
Stem Cell use, Organ Donation |
| Invasive proceedure, extracts cells from the baby so that chronomosmal analysis can be done. Can not be done until the 16th week, results within 2 weeks. |
Aminocentisis |
| tracts cells from the baby so that chronomosmal analysis can be done. Can not be done until the 8th week, results within 1-2 days. |
CVS |
| One difference that exists between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells are that prokaryotic cells? |
Have no nucleous |
| If an individual abuses alcohol , the organelle in the liver cells that might increase in number is? |
SER |
| One form of MD and PD maybe similar in that they both may be caused by defects in the? |
Mitochondria |
| The backbone of the DNA molecule is compose of alternating? |
Sugar and phosphate molecules |
| In addition to Watson and Crick name 3 individual's research that helped determined the structure of DNA |
Franklin, Avery & Wilkins |
| Three enzymes that are involved in the replication of DNA are? |
DNA helicase, DNA primer, DNA ligase |
| This is formed at/in a ribosome |
Amino Acids |
| Specifically, free nucleotides, which are used to construct new DNA molecules are found in this part of the cell |
Neucleoplasm |
| These are organelles that contain digestive enzymes |
Lysosomes |
| During DNA replication these segments are made. |
Okazaki |
| The molecule that brings an Amino Acid to a ribosome is |
tRNA |
| If multiple ribosomes assoicate with a single strand of mRNA this structure is called |
Polyribosome. |
| List one item taht must adhere to a DNA strand upstream of a gene before that gene can be complementarily paired into pre-MRN |
RNA polymerase |
| Specficially, the process of transcription occurs here while the process of translation occurs here. |
Nucleoplasm & Ribosome |
| List 3 characteristics that distinguish cance3r from normal body cells |
Metastasize, don't not have contact inhibition & do not obey Hayflick limit |
| During the cell cycle a chronomosome will be composed of two chromatids from this point until this point. |
S-phase & anaphase |
| If an individual appear s to be in his 80's but is really only 40 this inidividual may be suffering from ? |
Werner's Syndrome |
| The chemical molecule that helps to dissolve the nuclear membrane and assists in condensing a DNA strand. |
MPF |
| If a cell doesn't have the appropriate molecular requirements this cell may not pass out of gap 1 and will enter this stage, (time of relative inactivitity within a cell cycle) |
Gap zero |
| The ability of a single gene to have multiple effects on one or more individuals is called? |
pleiotropy |
| The degree to which a gene's effect is seen in a person's phenotype is termed? |
Expressivity |
| In a Hh state, cystic fibrosis gives protection against this if this disease |
Cholera |
| The major cause of death for this disease is rupture of an aorta. |
Marfans |
| If 2 alleles of the smae gene both have the ability to make and simultaneously equally express proteins this condition is refered to as? |
Codominance |
| If multiple genetic states can affect individuals in the same way this is refered to as |
Genetic Heterogenetity |
| If a person is Hd for the recessive for the Bombay genotype this person with a genotype of AB for the ABO blood group will express a blood type of? |
O |
| For a polygenetic trait if a set of parents have the genotypes of AaBBCcddee and aaBbCcddEe the most dominant alleles the child can have is? |
6 |
| If a person has PKU they will need to eat a diet free of this aminio acid since they lacy a vital enzyme necessary to metabolize this item |
Phe (phenylalanine) |
| If 60% of the members in a population are Hh for autosomal recessive trait what is the probably of 2 Hh meeting, mating, and reporducting a child with the same genotype as the parents? |
18% (.6*.6= .36 .36*.5=.18) |
| Organelles that are found in pairs in eukaryotic cells that move toward the poles during spindle fiber formation |
centrioles |
| Individuals, both male and female, who bring new allese for a specific gene into an area |
founding fathers |
| When chromatids separate becoming chromosomes |
anaphase II |
| Formations that result when DNA wraps around a number of histones. |
Nucelosomes |
| The female structure that results after teh male gamete has entered the females developing gamete |
ootid |
| Hapolid Male cell that is a glob of cytoplasm |
spermatid |
| Points within a tetrad where the nonsister chromatids crossover |
chiasmata |
| Female structure that contains the dipolid number of replicated chromosomes |
primary oocyte |
| Mall cell that can begin the process of meiosis the cell that is the product of mitosis |
primary spermatocyte |
| spindle fibers attach to replicated chromosomes in a cell that has only one half the diploid number |
prophase II |
| Pairs of replicated chromosomes are found at an eqyal distance from each of the cell's poles |
metaphase I |
| Chromosomes composed of 2 chromotids are at the poles of the cell |
telophase I |
| Persons who have at least one common ancestor in the previous generations |
consanguinity |
| The chemical molecule that helps to dissolve the nuclear membrane and assists in condensing a DNA strand. |
MPF |
| If a cell doesn't have the appropriate molecular requirements this cell may not pass out of gap 1 and will enter this stage, (time of relative inactivitity within a cell cycle) |
Gap zero |
| The ability of a single gene to have multiple effects on one or more individuals is called? |
pleiotropy |
| The degree to which a gene's effect is seen in a person's phenotype is termed? |
Expressivity |
| In a Hh state, cystic fibrosis gives protection against this if this disease |
Cholera |
| The major cause of death for this disease is rupture of an aorta. |
Marfans |
| If 2 alleles of the smae gene both have the ability to make and simultaneously equally express proteins this condition is refered to as? |
Codominance |
| If multiple genetic states can affect individuals in the same way this is refered to as |
Genetic Heterogenetity |
| If a person is Hd for the recessive for the Bombay genotype this person with a genotype of AB for the ABO blood group will express a blood type of? |
O |
| For a polygenetic trait if a set of parents have the genotypes of AaBBCcddee and aaBbCcddEe the most dominant alleles the child can have is? |
6 |
| List the correct order of human development ( formation of tissue, 1st hormone produced, gender bi-potentility, segmentation evident) |
1st hormone Segmentation evident Formation of tissues Geder bi-potentiality |
| A spermatid that failed to undergo cytokinesis fertizlies a normal 2nd oocyte. What is the zoygote chromosomal component? |
69 ( Triploid) |
| A woman herterozyegous for baldness and Homozygous dominant for small fingers marries a man that homozygeous dominant for non-balding and heterozyegous for small fingers. what will their boys phenotypes be? |
2 boys small finger and not bald & 2 boys with short fingers and bald |
| A woman herterozyegous for baldness and Homozygous dominant for small fingers marries a man that homozygeous dominant for non-balding and heterozyegous for small fingers. what will their girls phenotypes be? |
2 girls without small fingers and not bald & 2 with no small fingers and not bald |
| If 218 out of 320 have a trait A how many of these are in the heterozyegous state? |
157 people |
| If A to B is 5 and B to C is 15, and B to D is 3 and A to C is 10, and C to D is 12 what is the sequences for crossover? |
CADB |
| If a zygote has XXY but one cell looses a X what is the phenotype? |
Mosaic Klienfelter |
| Lack of folic acid causes? |
celfts and spina bifida |
| Spinach and Dried beans naturally contain what vital supplement for pregnant women? |
Folic Acid |
| Are XO women more color blind than XX women? |
Yes because they lack the additional X to compensate for this trait like men XY |
| The concept that adenine (A) will always bind to thymine (T) in a DNA molecule was concluded through the research group lead by? |
Chargraff |
| The easiest why to analyze the transmission of a genetic trait in humans is through what? |
pedigree |
| A form of genetic testing that would target a particular population is ? |
carrier testing |
| Compare the techniques of ultrasound and fetoscopy |
Both techniques are ways to visualize the developing fetus and can be used to determine the age of the fetus. Fetoscopy is an invasive procedure while ultrasound is not |
| Ribosomes are where?? |
amnio acid chains are made |
| The 9+2 arrangement of microtubes can be found in cellular ??? |
flagella, cillia, centrioles |
| The backbone of a DNA molecule is composed of alternating molecules of? |
sugar and phosphate |
